Abstract: Anionically dyeable smooth-dry crosslinked cellulose is produced by modifying cellulose-containing material with the combination of a hydroxyalkylamine or a hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt, one or more glycols, and a crosslinking agent. The reaction is typically catalyzed with salts such as zinc nitrate or magnesium chloride used either alone or in conjunction with citric acid. Types of usable anionic dyes include acid, direct, and reactive dyes. The cellulose-containing material may be in the form of fibers, threads, linters, roving, fabrics, yarns, slivers and paper.

Abstract: Anionically dyeable smooth-dry crosslinked cellulose is produced by modifying cellulose-containing material with the combination of a hydroxyalkylamine or a hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt, a methylolamide crosslinking agent and one or more reactively inert glycol ether swelling agents. The reaction is typically catalyzed with salts such as zinc nitrate or magnesium chloride used either alone or in conjunction with citric acid. Types of usable anionic dyes include acid, direct, and reactive dyes. The cellulose-containing material may be in the form of fibers, threads, linters, roving, fabrics, yarns, slivers and paper.

Abstract: Anionically dyeable smooth-dry crosslinked cellulosic materials are produced by treatment of methylolamide crosslinked cellulosic materials with an alkali swelling agent such as sodium hydroxide prior to dyeing. Attainable color strength is dependent upon both the concentration and the contact time of the alkali swelling agent with the cellulosic material. Types of usable anionic dyes include acid, direct, and reactive dyes. The cellulose-containing material may be in the form of fibers, threads, linters, roving, fabrics, yarns, slivers and paper.

Abstract: Methods for lowering the free formaldehyde release in carbamate durable press treatment solution and finished fabric are disclosed. Concentrated carbamate finishing agent solution of lowered free formaldehyde content comprises oxidizing a carbamate finishing agent solution containing free formaldehyde with a sufficient amount of magnesium monoperoxyphthalate oxidant to decrease the free formaldehyde content of the solution. Sufficient amount of catalyst is added to this solution to produce press properties in cellulose containing fabric to make a treatment bath. Cellulose containing fabric is immersed in this bath for sufficient time and temperature to produce lowered free formaldehyde release carbamate durable press finished fabric.

Abstract: Hydroxymethylated organic carbamates are reacted with water soluble alcohols to produce etherified hydroxymethylated carbamates which are used with an acid catalyst to treat cellulosic textiles for sufficient time and temperature to produce a durable press low formaldehyde release cellulosic textile. Carbamates from the group consisting of alkyl or alkoxyalkyl carbamates of less than six carbons can be used. Water soluble aliphatic monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of one to six carbons are also satisfactory. The hydroxymethylated carbamate is reacted with the alcohol at about 10.degree. C.-100.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 16 hours at a pH from about 1 to 6. Concentrations of acid catalyst range from 0.5 to 3.0% of the solution. Curing temperatures range from about 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 10 minutes.

Abstract: Hydroxymethylated organic carbamates are reacted with water soluble alcohols to produce etherified hydroxymethylated carbamates which are used with an acid catalyst to treat cellulosic textiles for sufficient time and temperature to produce a durable press low formaldehyde release cellulosic textile. Carbamates from the group consisting of alkyl or alkoxyalkyl carbamates of less than six carbons can be used. Water soluble aliphatic monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of one to six carbons are also satisfactory. The hydroxymethylated carbamate is reacted with the alcohol at about 10.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. about 0.5 to 16 hours at a pH from about 1 to 6. Concentrations of acid catalyst range from 0.5 to 3.0% of the solution. Curing temperatures range from about 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 10 minutes.

Abstract: Zwitterions are employed as catalysts in a chemical finishing process to treat cellulosic textiles with crosslinking agents and produce easy-care properties in the finished materials. The process comprises treatment of the textile material, such as cotton fabric, by impregnating it with a solution containing a cellulose-crosslinking agent and, as catalyst a zwitterion, alone or in combination with a magnesium salt, drying and curing the fabric. Said finished fabrics are characterized by an unusual combination of useful, desirable properties--smooth-drying appearance, wrinkle resistance, serviceable strength, and inoffensive formaldehyde release.

Abstract: An aluminum acetate salt solution containing sodium and chloride ions is prepared by reaction of aqueous aluminum chloride and sodium acetate. It is suitable for use as a catalyst in the treatment of cellulosic-containing textiles with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-amide adduct crosslinking agent to produce durable press properties in the finished material. There is no discoloration in the thus-treated fabric which also exhibits greater strength than is normally present in fabric treated to the same level of wrinkle resistance with an aluminum salt catalyst.

Abstract: An aluminum chlorhydroxide-phosphoric acid catalyst system has been devised that is practical for treatments of cellulose-containing textile materials with formaldehyde and formaldehyde-amide adducts under flash curing conditions to produce valuable, improved durable-press properties in the treated textiles.

Abstract: Alkyl and aryl phosphonic acids and certain salts thereof have been found useful as catalysts for the chemical reactions involved in finishing cotton and other cellulosic textiles. These versatile catalysts can be employed in a variety of finishing treatments including dimensional stability, durable press, and flame resistance and are operative under a diverse range of processing conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst system composed of aluminum chlorhydroxide [Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 Cl] and hydrogen peroxide [H.sub.2 O.sub.2 ] is disclosed which through synergistic interaction of these components is highly efficient and effective in treatments of cellulose-containing textiles with formaldehyde-amide adduct crosslinking agents. Products with durable-press properties are produced through use of the new catalyst system in treatments employing flash curing conditions, i.e., short processing times at high temperatures, as well as in treatments employing curing temperatures down to 130.degree. C. with longer processing times. Unlike previously known synergistically activated catalyst systems based upon Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 Cl, the presently disclosed system utilizes the combination of Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 Cl with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, an oxidizing agent, rather than with an acid or a salt with latent acidic or Lewis acid properties.

Abstract: Salts of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane can be utilized as catalysts for finishing cellulose-containing textile materials with methylol amide crosslinking agents to give products with improved wrinkle resistance and durable press properties. Inorganic, organic, and sulfonic acid salts, and mixed salt complexes of this new tricyclic phosphorus-containing compound provide effective catalysis in the chemical reactions needed for these finishing treatments. Salts of the corresponding phosphorus oxide, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-7-oxide, provided even stronger catalysis in similar treatments.

Abstract: Improvement in the strength of fabric finished for durable press properties with an N-methylol amide cross-linking agent and sulfuric acid catalyst is obtained by inclusion of magnesium sulfate in the finishing formulation.

Abstract: The invention provides a cellulose-dyeing dyestuff having the formula ##EQU1## wherein Z is the chromophoric radical of a cellulose-dyeing dyestuff containing a vinyl sulfone group (--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 --), e.g. Cl Reactive Violet 4 and Cl Reactive Black 5; B is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, or ##EQU2## A is --O-- or --S--; and X is --H, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, or ##EQU3## which dyestuff will dye a cellulosic material by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. The cellulose-dyeing dyestuff of the invention is prepared by reacting a conventional cellulose-dyeing dyestuff having a chromophoric radical containing the aforesaid vinyl sulfone groups (e.g., Cl Reactive Black 5 and Cl Reactive Violet 4) with a hydroxy carbamate, and methylolating the resulting product.

Abstract: Improvement in strength and elimination of coloration are achieved in fabrics finished for durable press properties by treatment with an N-methylol amide crosslinking agent and aluminum sulfate catalyst when sodium dihydrogen phosphate is included in the finishing formulation. These effects are achieved when the weight ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to aluminum sulfate is 2.05.

Abstract: In mild cure finishing, strong catalysts are required because of the modest curing conditions employed in the process. Suitable catalysts for mild cure finishing include strong inorganic acids, strong organic acids, active inorganic complexes, salt/acid combinations, and salts that are strong Lewis acids (i.e, certain metal salts). Ammonium salts of inorganic acids, although often used in other types of treatments for producing wrinkle resistant textiles, are not satisfactory catalysts for mild cure finishing. Unexpectedly and surprisingly, it has been discovered that ammonium salts of certain, but not all, sulfonic acids can serve as effective catalysts for mild cure finishing of cellulose-containing fabrics to produce wrinkle resistance and durable press properties. Among ammonium sulfonates which provide the catalysis needed for mild cure finishing are ammonium methanesulfonate, ammonium carboxymethanesulfonate (NH.sub.4 O.sub.3 SCH.sub.2 COOH), ammonium benzenesulfonate, and ammonium p-toluenesulfonate.