Abstract: This invention is specifically designed to aid in installation of hardscape products using multiple levels of base materials, including, but not limited to flatwork, asphalt, foundation work, stairs, and concrete pavers or wallstone. The interlocking pavement institute has set specific guidelines for installation of said pavers and NCMA has guidelines for wallstone installation, both which include multiple base materials. Although other tools have been designed for stringline applications, none of them work properly in multiple level applications or have the advantages of saving substantial amounts of time on the jobsite. Previous versions need to be reset for each level of material being added or require multiples of the apparatus. This invention avoids the need to reset collar heights several times throughout the project and increases accuracy for each elevation needed.

Abstract: A frame has a crosspiece with a pair of longitudinal branches, and is used for installing an adapter on earth moving equipment. This equipment has an implement support structure with one or more bearing plates for accommodating azimuthal rotation of a working implement. This working implement is removed from the implement support structure before attaching a frame there. The frame's crosspiece has walls that engage the bearing plates on the implement support structure. An adapter is rotatably mounted on the frame. Any one of a plurality of working accessories can be selected and installed on the adapter. For equipment that originally lacked bearing plates, a cross member with bearing plates is provided in a kit. The frame will then attach to the kit's cross member and to the implement support structure.

Abstract: A unique tubular work piece is disclosed along with a novel method and apparatus for manufacturing tubular work pieces from sheet metal stock lighter and stronger structures with less waste and less cost than prior methods.

Abstract: A method for fixing an abradable material of random interlocked metallic fibers sintered and pressed to a specified thickness and density in place on a substrate is set forth where the abradable material bonded to a metal backing plate is placed with the metal backing plate engaging a substrate. The abradable material is compressed without heat to substantially a solid mass at spaced spots; the compressed spots are heated by electrical resistance to a sintering temperature and pressed to form a solid mass. The solid mass of each spot of abradable material is heated to an increased temperature by electrical resistance, welding the solid mass of abradable material to the substrate by completely penetrating the backing plate and forming a weld nugget.