Abstract: A system for specifying read/write consistency for an application including an application including at least one transaction, wherein the at least one transaction includes at least one of a plurality of states, at least one of a plurality of transitions, and at least one artifact; and a database operatively connected to the application, wherein the application accesses data associated with the at least one artifact using a read/write consistency specification; wherein the read/write consistency specification specifies at least one selected from the group consisting of a read consistency and a write consistency for the at least one artifact within the transaction.

Abstract: A method for lexically analyzing an input stream including invoking a multipurpose lexical analyzer, wherein invoking the multipurpose lexical analyzer comprises examining a parameter setting, scanning the input stream to obtain a token using a token definition, and determining whether to ignore the token using the parameter setting, returning the token to a calling process if the token is to be processed.

Abstract: A distributed system having a client and a server includes a state manager interposed between the client and the server. The state manager has a capability to generate a list of object attributes required to represent a state of the distributed system and a capability to cache object attributes so as to be locally accessible by the client. The distributed system further includes a service component interposed between the state manager and the server. The service component has a capability to fetch data from the server based on the list of object attributes.

Abstract: A method for a system having distributed collaborating components includes restricting direct interaction between distributed collaborating components by introducing an application-independent interface between distributed collaborating components and invoking a service from the application-independent interface in order to enable interaction between distributed collaborating components.

Abstract: A method for transparently optimizing data access. The method includes gathering information related to data usage when a system is processing and determining a usage pattern of the system using gathered information.

Abstract: A method for generating a projected graph data structure, including generating a request for the projected graph data structure using a variable usage specification, retrieving a server graph data structure using the request, generating a projected graph data structure representation using the request, the server graph data-structure, and a schema associated with the server graph data-structure, and instantiating the projected graph data-structure using the projected graph data-structure representation.

Abstract: A method for marking a transaction, comprising defining an application as a plurality of states, wherein each of the plurality of states is associated with at least one transition, specifying a transaction set comprising at least one of the plurality of states, specifying a commit set comprising at least one of a plurality of states, and marking the transaction using a transaction marking procedure, wherein the transaction marking procedure marks the transaction based on the transaction set, the commit set, and at least one of the plurality of transitions.

Abstract: A method for deriving an application specification from an enterprise application including mapping the enterprise application to obtain a plurality of states and a plurality of transitions, monitoring the enterprise application to obtain a list of variable usages for each of the plurality of states, parsing source code of the enterprise application to obtain process logic for each of the plurality of transitions, and deriving the application specification using each of the plurality of states, the plurality of transitions, the list of variable usages for each of the plurality of states, and the process logic for each of a plurality of transitions.

Abstract: A method for merging a first object graph with a second object graph, including packaging the first object graph into an internal representation, wherein the internal representation includes an attribute value and an object identity for each of a plurality of objects in the first object graph, sending the internal representation to a receiver, traversing the internal representation by the receiver, updating an object instance in the second object graph with the attribute value from the internal representation, if the object identity corresponding to the object instance is found in an identity mapping table, creating and populating a new object instance with the attribute value from the internal representation, if the object identity corresponding to the new object instance is not found in the identity mapping table, and linking the new object instance to the second object graph.

Abstract: An API optimizer generates an API (application program interface) customized to a particular process. The resulting optimized API includes API services that minimize network access. The API optimizer applies heuristic rules from a rules database to generate, on the basis of the application logic flow for that application and the set of objects, those services that minimize network access.

Abstract: A cache synchronization method and apparatus for a distributed application having a client side, a server side, and an object located on either the client side or the server side are disclosed. The cache synchronization method may include detecting initiation of a transition to a new state on the client side, locating data on the client side that is to be synchronized, synchronizing located data using a cache synchronizer interposed between the client side and the server side, and completing the transition to the new state on the client side. The cache synchronizer may include a client side application usage specification (AUS) manager and a server side AUS manager. The cache synchronization method may also include synchronizing data in the object by passing to a database changes made locally to the object and allowing the distributed application to transition to a new state when synchronization is complete.

Abstract: A method for generating a partitioned enterprise application, including obtaining a business object specification defining a characteristic of a business object, obtaining an application usage specification defining how the business object is to be used in the partitioned enterprise application, obtaining partitioning information, and generating the partitioned enterprise application using the business object specification, the application usage specification, and the partitioning information.

Abstract: A network system including a web-based application accessible by a client; and a web service interface proxy interposed between the client and the web-based application, wherein the web service interface proxy allows web service calls to be directed to the web-based application using an internal mapping of the web-based application.

Abstract: A method for generating a web service interface including monitoring traffic between a web-based application and a client, generating a web service description using the monitored traffic, and generating an internal mapping using the monitored traffic allowing a web service method call to be directed to the web-based application using the internal mapping.

Abstract: A method for deriving an application specification from an enterprise application including mapping the enterprise application to obtain a plurality of states and a plurality of transitions, monitoring the enterprise application to obtain a list of variable usages for each of the plurality of states, parsing source code of the enterprise application to obtain process logic for each of the plurality of transitions, and deriving the application specification using each of the plurality of states, the plurality of transitions, the list of variable usages for each of the plurality of states, and the process logic for each of a plurality of transitions.

Abstract: A method for generating an enterprise application, including creating a business object specification defining a characteristic of a business object, creating an application usage specification defining how the business object is used in the enterprise application, obtaining a tier specification defining a tiered architecture upon which the enterprise application is executed, and generating the enterprise application based on the business object specification, the application usage specification, and the tier specification.

Abstract: A method for merging a first object graph with a second object graph, including packaging the first object graph into an internal representation, wherein the internal representation includes an attribute value and an object identity for each of a plurality of objects in the first object graph, sending the internal representation to a receiver, traversing the internal representation by the receiver, updating an object instance in the second object graph with the attribute value from the internal representation, if the object identity corresponding to the object instance is found in an identity mapping table, creating and populating a new object instance with the attribute value from the internal representation, if the object identity corresponding to the new object instance is not found in the identity mapping table, and linking the new object instance to the second object graph.

Abstract: A method for marking a transaction, comprising defining an application as a plurality of states, wherein each of the plurality of states is associated with at least one transition, specifying a transaction set comprising at least one of the plurality of states, specifying a commit set comprising at least one of a plurality of states, and marking the transaction using a transaction marking procedure, wherein the transaction marking procedure marks the transaction based on the transaction set, the commit set, and at least one of the plurality of transitions.

Abstract: A method for generating a query object, comprising creating a query object specification defining the query object, creating an object-database mapping, creating a platform specification defining a platform upon which the query object is executed, and generating the query object using the query object specification, the platform specification, and the object-database mapping.

Abstract: A method for generating an application, including obtaining a business object specification defining a characteristic of a business object, obtaining an application usage specification defining how the business object is to be used in the application, and generating the application using the business object specification and the application usage specification, wherein the application comprises a presentation layer and a logic layer.