Abstract: Collapsible cellular arrays constructed of biodegradable material are employed to define liquid flow courses in a subterranean environment. The cellular arrays receive and support, in a desired orientation and position, liquid delivery/removal conduits. The cells of the arrays are preferrable hexagonal in shape and are filled with a particulate filter material.

Abstract: Devices are shown and described for attachment to an engine's intake manifold to regulate its vacuum for fuel economy. The device maintains smooth engine operation by employing multiple valves, each of which provides a supplemental flow of air to the intake manifold during a particular engine mode. Thus, during an idle mode one individually settable valve is operative to supply additional air to the intake manifold to maintain its vacuum at a precisely selected level referenced to an engine idle mode while during deceleration, when a high volume of air is needed, a supplemental flow of air is admitted from another valve which opens at a higher vacuum level from the first valve. A third valve is employed to admit supplemental air during acceleration when the other two valves are closed for an improved fuel to air mixture. Several embodiments are shown.

Abstract: A closed heat transfer system which is capable of providing more efficient heat transfer by virtue of the fact that a small fuel burner is operated for a longer period of time but with much less consumption of fuel than compared to a conventional cycled heating system. The system includes a heat sink containing a suitable heat storage fluid, a heat source, heat transfer means, a preheater means, hot water feed means, and circulator means. The heat sink preferably takes the form of a closed container operable in the manner of a boiler and filled with a suitable heat storage fluid.