Abstract: A target volume within a test object is irradiated according to an irradiation plan with a particle beam using a particle irradiation unit. The irradiation plan is determined in order to apply the energy of the particle beam in the target volume according to a predetermined dose distribution. In addition, a boundary condition is specified for at least one of the isoenergy layers and the irradiation plan is additionally specified such that the boundary condition is met for the at least one isoenergy layer. The boundary condition includes one or more of a minimum boundary energy, a maximum boundary energy, a minimum grid point number, a minimum total particle number, a minimum total dose, a minimum dose contribution to a total dose to be administered, a minimum contribution to a target function which is calculated for determining the irradiation plan, and a minimum dose compensation error.

Abstract: An irradiation plan for a particle irradiation unit is determined in a first run based on a specified target volume in a test object and a specified dose distribution to apply the particle beam in the target volume. The target volume includes a plurality of isoenergy layers. The irradiation plan may be determined in a second run with an additional condition that at least one of the isoenergy layers, determined according to one or more criteria, is not irradiated. Alternatively, the irradiation plan may be determined in a second run with an additional condition that only certain isoenergy layers, determined according to one or more criteria, are irradiated.

Abstract: An irradiation plan for a particle irradiation unit is determined in a first run based on a specified target volume in a test object and a specified dose distribution to apply the particle beam in the target volume. The target volume includes a plurality of isoenergy layers. The irradiation plan may be determined in a second run with an additional condition that at least one of the isoenergy layers, determined according to one or more criteria, is not irradiated. Alternatively, the irradiation plan may be determined in a second run with an additional condition that only certain isoenergy layers, determined according to one or more criteria, are irradiated.

Abstract: A target volume within a test object is irradiated according to an irradiation plan with a particle beam using a particle irradiation unit. The irradiation plan is determined in order to apply the energy of the particle beam in the target volume according to a predetermined dose distribution. In addition, a boundary condition is specified for at least one of the isoenergy layers and the irradiation plan is additionally specified such that the boundary condition is met for the at least one isoenergy layer. The boundary condition includes one or more of a minimum boundary energy, a maximum boundary energy, a minimum grid point number, a minimum total particle number, a minimum total dose, a minimum dose contribution to a total dose to be administered, a minimum contribution to a target function which is calculated for determining the irradiation plan, and a minimum dose compensation error.

Abstract: A voltage distribution device for use especially in motor vehicles, includes a first area (2) made of conductive material and fitted with at least one electrical connection (8), at least two separate second areas (3, 4) made of conductive material and fitted with at least one electrical connection each (7), and bridge-like fuse areas (5, 6) made of conductive material, which each link the second areas (3, 4) with the first (2) and are inseparably connected to the first and associated second area. The bridge-like fuse areas (5, 6) each have a cross-section of material calibrated along a longitudinal section according to material thickness and/or depth.

Abstract: A sensor connector comprises a conductive outer housing within which is mounted a certain length of shielded able connected to receptacle terminals that receive pins of a sensor. A shield element extends across the inside of the outer housing to provide a shield means between the sensor and the cable leads which, in one embodiment, is stamped and formed, and in another embodiment is a printed circuit board with a ground plane on one side and surface mounted capacitors on the other side interconnected to the terminals for filtering the signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical connector with a housing (1) of insulating material and a metal contact element (2) fittable in the housing (1). The contact element has a crimp contact region (4) to contact a first cable end (11) and a cutting clamp contact region (3) to contact a second cable (12). Such an arrangement is not suitable for contacting cables of different diameters via the cutting clamp contact region. According to the invention, the cutting clamp contact region (3) has two tension-relieving regions (5, 6), with the cutting clamp blades, which are fitted opposite one another in pairs (7, 8, 9, 10), arranged between them. Two pairs of cutting clamp blades (7, 10) are provided for small-diameter cables and two pairs (8, 9) are provided for large-diameter cables. The pairs of cutting clamp blades (8, 9) for small-diameter cables are arranged between those for large-diameter cables.