Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for separating components from liquid mixtures which comprises emulsifying said liquid mixture in an immiscible liquid which is characterized as a solvent for the components. The emulsion is then contacted with an inert gas whereby the components of the mixture, because of their solubility, permeate into said immiscible liquid, and are stripped therefrom by the inert gas. The components may then be separated from said inert gas stream by condensation and subsequent phase separation or fractionation, by absorption, distillation or by adsorption. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon which is emulsified in an aqueous surfactant containing liquid. The hydrocarbon containing mixture contains hydrocarbons of different types, as well as hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated compounds, i.e. alcohols, ketones, acids, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Acyclic and alicyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons are isomerized to form a product of enhanced octane by contacting same, in a reaction zone and in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst comprising a difficultly reducible metal halide in combination with at least a molar equivalent of hydrogen halide, said reaction zone comprising at least one temperature zone, the temperature in at least one zone being controlled by using said hydrogen halide as an autorefrigerant. In a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the autorefrigerant evolved from the reaction zone is condensed and used to extract at least a portion of the metal halide component of the catalyst from at least a portion of the hydrocarbon product. A preferred catalyst is tantalum pentafluoride, niobium pentafluoride or their mixtures in combination with at least a five-fold molar excess of hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A method for reducing sulfur dioxide wherein ammonia is used as the reducing agent. The reduction may be accomplished either thermally or catalytically and the principal products obtained will be elemental sulfur and/or hydrogen sulfide, depending principally upon the particular conditions and relative reactant concentrations actually employed. The sulfur dioxide may be derived from essentially any source. In a preferred embodiment, however, the sulfur dioxide will be derived from a flue gas stream and the same will be separated therefrom with an absorption process wherein ammonia (on an aqueous ammoniacal solution) is also used as the absorbent.

Abstract: The salt of a weak acid and a weak base is removed from a solution by contacting said solution with an emulsion. Said emulsion comprises an exterior phase which is characterized as immiscible with said solution and permeable to the weak acid and/or weak base in their un-ionized forms. One of the species which can permeate through said exterior phase reacts with a reactant present in the interior phase of the emulsion which converts said permeating species to a non-permeable form, i.e., by neutralization, thus providing a continuing driving force for the permeation of said permeating species. The other nonreacting or nonpermeating species is stripped from solution by passing an inert gas through said solution. Stripping and neutralization in the interior phase of the emulsion are carried out simultaneously.

Abstract: The power output from a nuclear power plant or fossil fuel power plant operating under constant reactor (or furnace) and boiler conditions is varied by regulating the rate of turbine extraction steam and primary high pressure steam used to heat boiler feed water (BFW). During periods of low power demand excess extraction steam is drawn off to heat excess quantities of boiler feed water. One portion of the BFW is fed to the boiler while the other portion is used to reheat a low vapor pressure (LVP) organic material which hot material is stored under an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure in a high temperature storage location means. During periods of high power demand BFW preheat duties would be taken over entirely by the moving LVP organic material, moving from hot to cold storage location means, use of extraction steam for BFW reheat being curtailed and such untapped extraction steam being allowed instead to expand itself fully in the turbines.

Abstract: In a liquid chromatography commercial process for the separation of two or more components contained in admixture in a feedstream including the steps of (a) contacting the feedstream mixture containing the components to be separated with a bed of crystalline aluminosilicate adsorbent at conditions to effect the selective retention of two or more of the components by said adsorbent, (b) passing through said bed an eluent selected from the group consisting of aromatics and substituted aromatics, (c) increasing the strength of the eluting agent in the liquid carrier during the operation of the steps (a) and (b) above, (d) recovering from said bed a stream or streams containing at least a portion of the less selectively adsorbed components, and (e) recovering a stream substantially enhanced in concentration of said selectively adsorbed components relative to other components of feedstream wherein the improvement comprises preheating the eluting agent of step (c) above prior to passing it through said bed at tempe

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for demulsifying an emulsion which can be either of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, which comprises mixing the emulsion with a mixture of two or more comiscible volatile solvents, at least one of which is miscible with the water and at least one of which is miscible with the oil, thereby causing the separation of the emulsion into an oil and a water layer. Preferably, the water-miscible solvent is an alcohol and the oil-miscible solvent is a light hydrocarbon, more preferably, a saturated hydrocarbon or a monoolefin. Since it is generally desirable to recover the solvent for reuse in emulsion breaking, the oil-miscible solvent will have a boiling point of at least 50.degree. C. less than the boiling point of the oil.

Abstract: The power output from a nuclear power plant or fossil fuel power plant operating under constant reactor (or furnace) and boiler conditions is varied by increasing the turbine extraction steam during low power demand periods for the purpose of using the steam to heat a low vapor pressure organic material and storing such low vapor pressure organic material under atmospheric pressure at high temperature. During periods of high power demand, the extraction rate from the steam turbine is decreased or even discontinued and the stored hot low vapor pressure organic material is used for boiler feed water preheat and interstage steam reheat.

Abstract: Methanol and synthetic natural gas are produced concurrently by introducing a carbonaceous material into a gasification zone, and thereafter, passing sequentially the synthesis gas thus formed through a water gas shift conversion zone, a sulfur compound and carbon dioxide removal zone, a methanol synthesis zone and a methanation zone.