Abstract: The invention relates to an image display or shooting apparatus, in which several matrixes are joined edge to edge in accordance with the same plane, so as to form a large apparatus. The addressing circuits of the rows and columns of said matrixes are subdivided into addressing subcircuits and located in areas which are naturally inactive, or which are made deliberately inactive, i.e. areas having no active elements. In the case of shooting or photographing, in order to make the areas inactive, the active elements of certain pixels are destroyed in order to install in their place the addressing subcircuits, the information normally contained in the destroyed pixels being replaced by a reconstitution information obtained by averaging the information of adjacent intact pixels. The invention more particularly applies to the retinas of cameras used for the detection of non-focusable radiation and which are more particularly employed in radiology and nuclear imaging.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter comprises coarse (15, 16) and fine (24, 19) quantization. The coarse quantization is of the frequency-current type or frequency-voltage frequency type. The fine quantization measures the discharge period of a residual charge stored in an integration capacitor (3) at the end of the coarse quantization phase. The discharger of this capacitor includes a capacitor (14) for quantifying this discharge.

Abstract: Process for the production of a matrix of electronic components.The matrix and the associated control circuits are produced in redundant form. The redundant elements can be interconnection lines between the electronic components of a matrix row or column and the associated control circuits or the actual electronic component. A row or column of electronic components represents a subassembly, which is tested by means of optical addressing, consisting of transmitting light rays onto photodiodes located at the periphery of the matrix and connected to each subassembly. As a function of the test result, the matrix is reconstituted by disconnecting the defective electronic components in the redundant subassemblies and then reconnecting the satisfactory subassemblies to one another. This process is more particularly applicable to a matrix of elements used for the control of a matrix display.

Abstract: Addressing circuit for a matrix display having shift registers formed by static memories and process for addressing with such a circuit.For a display with p columns, the circuit comprises p register points formed by static memories (M.sub.i), a first series of switches (C.sub.1) placed in front of the register points M.sub.k-1, k being an even number between 1 and p, a second series of switches (C.sub.2) placed in front of the register points M.sub.k and a transfer clock (13) producing a first signal (.phi..sub.1) controlling the first series of switches, in order to ensure the loading of a "1" signal into the register point (M.sub.1) and the transfer of the content of register point M.sub.k to register point M.sub.k+1, and a second signal (.phi..sub.2) controlling the second series of switches for ensuring the transfer of the content of register point M.sub.k-1 to register point M.sub.k.

Abstract: A capacitive keyboard structure, the keyboard comprising on one face of a substrate a series of static sensitive keys each associated with a pair of electrodes: an emitting electrode excited sequentially by an alternating signal supplied by an emitting line and a receiving electrode which is coupled capacitively to the emitting electrode by the corresponding key and on which a receiving line collects the variations of the signal as an effect of possible presence of a user's finger in the neighborhood of the key, wherein the electrodes of one same type are disposed on such face, the electrodes of the other type being disposed on the other face of the substrate, thus avoiding the crossing of the emitting and receiving lines.Application to the control of an industrial or publicly available apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for suppressing interference in a capacitive keyboard. Unconditioned operating signals from receiving lines are passed into a subtractor, which establishes the difference between the signal present on a reference line in the keyboard and supplies, at the output, a conditioned operating signal which is free from any unwanted electromagnetic component which may have entered the structure. In addition, in order to determine which of several keys is supplying the highest signal, operating signals corresponding to particular receiving lines are scanned in sequence to determine which has the highest amplitude. As the operating signal corresponding to each successive key is scanned, its voltage is compared with a previously-stored voltage for an earlier-scanned key. If a higher voltage is detected, the voltage and key address are stored in place of the previously-stored values.

Abstract: An exploration device for the surface of a body uses a laser pencil beam ch successively illuminates quasi-pinpoint regions on the surface of the body. At least two distinct view taking devices are provided for forming respective images of the illuminated quasi-pinpoint region on discrete element photosensitive receivers, each element energized by one of said images supplying an electrical indication for use by a computer to determine the position of the quasi-pinpoint region. The receivers are advantageously linear in shape, for example photodiode bars. Three view-taking stations each equipped with a respective one of these photosensitive bars may be used, each supplying a coordinate of the image position to the computer. In order to allow using receivers comprising faulty photosensitive elements, for each view taking station, at least two identical images are formed on photosensitive receivers the faulty elements of which are not coincident.

Abstract: A physical quantity such as temperature, infrared radiation or smoke is detected by means of a conversion device for emitting an alarm signal whose amplitude is representative of the intensity of the physical quantity. The detector comprises a unit for measuring relative variations of the signal in time, for comparing them with a preset threshold level and for actuating the alarm when they exceed the threshold level.

Abstract: The detector comprises a transducer designed to convert to an electrical signal a physical quantity which is representative of an abnormal phenomenon. The output of the transducer is connected to one input of a comparator whose output is connected to a delay circuit. The output of the delay circuit controls a signal generator, the output of which is connected to the other input of the comparator, the signal delivered by the comparator being representative of the time-dependent variations of the signal delivered by the transducer.

Abstract: A physical quantity such as temperature, infrared radiation or smoke is detected by means of a conversion device for emitting an alarm signal whose amplitude is representative of the intensity of the physical quantity. The detector comprises a unit for measuring relative variations of the signal in time, for comparing them with a preset threshold level and for actuating the alarm when they exceed the threshold level.

Abstract: In a method and a device for storing analog signals in integrated circuit elements, the memory elements are constituted by field-effect transistors having a number of layers of different dielectrics between the gate and the doped semiconductor substrate of the transistor. After discrete sampling of the analog signal has been performed at N points, the N amplitudes corresponding to the N points are stored in N transistors in the form of a threshold voltage.

Abstract: The connections between the two inputs of an amplifier and the two outputs of a signal source as well as between the outputs of the amplifier and the inputs of a downstream output element into which the amplifier delivers a signal are inverted periodically and simultaneously and integration is carried out between the outputs of the amplifier and the inputs of the output element. In addition, the inputs of the amplifier are short-circuited periodically, the frequencies of inversion and of short-circuiting being multiples of each other.

Abstract: In a method and a device for storing analog signals in integrated circuit elements, the memory elements are constituted by field-effect transistors having a number of layers of different dielectrics between the gate and the doped semiconductor substrate of the transistor. After discrete sampling of the analog signal has been performed at N points, the N amplitudes corresponding to the N points are stored in N transistors in the form of a threshold voltage.

Abstract: A differential voltage amplifier having high gain and a wide bandwidth essentially comprises an unstable circuit having one position of unstable equilibrium and two distinct positions of equilibrium which can be maintained for a given period of time, an input stage for applying signals to the input of said unstable circuit for a given period of time, means for returning the unstable circuit to its position of unstable equilibrium, means for calibrating the output of the unstable circuit at the voltage +V.sub.m or at the voltage -V.sub.m according to the position of unstable equilibrium, means for integrating the calibrated signal which appears at the output of the bistable circuit for a given period of time and a clock for the synchronization of the entire circuit.

Abstract: The amplitude of an electrical signal is converted into a current of proportional intensity which is integrated and an integration voltage appears at the terminals of the integrating circuit. There is produced a signal which initiates stopping of the current integration and a signal which initiates the start of a following integration at the instant when the integration voltage attains a threshold value V.sub.O. Stopping of the integration occurs after a time-delay .theta., when the integration voltage has overstepped the threshold value V.sub.O and attained a maximum value V'.sub.O. The threshold value V.sub.O is adjusted so as to control the maximum value V'.sub.O in dependence on a reference voltage V".sub.O which is higher than V.sub.O. The frequency of integrations is measured, with the result that the conversion frequency is thus determined.

Abstract: In a method and a device for multiplying analog signals in integrated circuit elements, the memory elements are constituted by field-effect transistors having a number of layers of different dielectrics between the gate and the doped semiconductor substrate of the transistor. After discrete sampling of the analog signal has been performed at N points, the N amplitudes corresponding to the N points are stored in N transistors in the form of a threshold voltage. A multiplication of two corresponding terms is performed by recording the signal which is proportional to one sample of a function in the memory of the multiple dielectric layer type and by applying a given voltage to the gate of the transistor so as to generate a signal which is a linear function of the threshold voltage which is in turn a linear function of the writing signal at the input of a multiplier circuit.