Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid-liquid process for treating a sour hydrocarbon fraction. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of an oxidizing agent with an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide, a metal chelate and an onium compound selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds. A preferred onium compound is a quaternary ammonium compound with an especially preferred compound being a quaternary ammonium halide. This invention also relates to a catalyst comprising an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide, a metal chelate and an onium compound, for oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour hydrocarbon fraction. The aqueous solution which is the catalyst can also be used to improve the activity of a fixed bed mercaptan oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction. The process involves two steps. In one step the mercaptans in the sour hydrocarbon fraction are reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a selective hydrogenolysis catalyst to selectively hydrogenolyse the tertiary mercaptans. In another step, the mercaptans are oxidized by reacting them with an oxidizing agent in the presence of oxidation catalyst and a basic component. The selective hydrogenolysis step and the oxidation step may be carried out in any order, i.e., either hydrogenolysis first followed by oxidation or vice versa.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks may be oligomerized to form desired oligomers containing a preferred configuration which, in the instant case, is a linear product, by utilizing certain catalytic compositions of matter. The particular catalyst composite which will form a higher percentage of linear products comprises a porous support having composited thereon a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal and a metal of Group IVA of the Periodic Table along with an alkyl aluminum halide and mercaptan. In addition, if so desired, the catalyst composite will also contain in combination therewith an aluminum alkoxy compound and an aluminum halide.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst for treating a sour hydrocarbon stream. The improvement comprises the use of a dipolar compound which has a positively charged atom and an electronegative group in the same structure. A particularly preferred dipolar compound is ephedrine. The dipolar compounds may be used in conjunction with a metal chelate and a basic solution either in a liquid-liquid process or a fixed bed process with substantially increased performance for oxidizing mercaptans which are found in the sour hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks may be oligomerized to form desired oligomers containing a preferred configuration which, in the instant case, is a linear product, by utilizing certain catalytic compositions of matter. The particular catalyst composite which will form a higher percentage of linear products comprises a porous support having composited thereon a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal and a metal of Group IVA of the Periodic Table along with an alkyl aluminum halide and mercaptan. In addition, if so desired, the catalyst composite will also contain in combination therewith an aluminum alkoxy compound and an aluminum halide.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process and catalyst for treating a sour hydrocarbon stream. The improvement comprises the use of a dipolar compound which has a positively charged atom and an electronegative group in the same structure. A particularly preferred dipolar compound is ephedrine. The dipolar compounds may be used in conjunction with a metal chelate and a basic solution either in a liquid-liquid process or a fixed bed process with substantially increased performance for oxidizing mercaptans which are found in the sour hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved liquid/liquid process for oxidizing mercaptans in a sour hydrocarbon fraction. The improvement is the addition of a quaternary ammonium compound to the alkali metal solution which contains a metal chelate such as a metal phthalocyanine. A preferred type of quaternary ammonium compound is a surfactant quaternary ammonium compound. A synergistic effect between the quaternary ammonium compound and the metal chelate is observed.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptans. The process involves contacting the hydrocarbon fraction in the presence of an oxidizing agent with a catalytic composite, ammonium hydroxide and a quaternary ammonium salt other than hydroxide. The instant process does not use any strong base nor any alkali hydroxides to sweeten the sour hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite effective in oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate to disulfides. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an onium compound and optionally an alkali metal hydroxide. The onium compound may be selected from the group consisting of phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds, with phosphonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds preferred. Additionally, metal phthalocyanines are a preferred class of metal chelates. This invention also relates to an improved process for treating a sour petroleum distillate, wherein the improvement comprises using the catalytic composite described above.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks which contain catalyst contaminants or poisons such as sulfur containing compounds may be oligomerized to a desired product by effecting the reaction in the presence of an added amount of hydrogen to the feedstock. The catalyst which is employed to effect this oligomerization will remain stable and will not deactivate due to the presence of the aforementioned poisons. The catalyst composite will comprise a porous support which has been impregnated with a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound and, if so desired, a compound containing a metal of the Group IVA of the Periodic Table. In addition, the catalyst composite will also contain in combination therewith, a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and, if so desired, an aluminum alkoxy or aluminum halide compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite effective in oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate to disulfides. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an onium compound and optionally an alkali metal hydroxide. The onium compound may be selected from the group consisting of phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds, with phosphonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds preferred. Additionally, metal phthalocyanines are a preferred class of metal chelates. This invention also relates to an improved process for treating a sour petroleum distillate, wherein the improvement comprises using the catalytic composite described above.

Abstract: An olefinic feedstock containing contaminants such as oxygenates may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer which contains a particular configuration. The process may be effected by utilizing a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an activator comprising an aluminum alkoxide. The presence of the latter compound in the catalyst compound will permit the catalyst to maintain its activity and stability over a relatively long period of time. The catalyst of the invention is prepared by impregnating a porous support with an aqueous solution of an iron group metal salt, calcining and contacting the calcined support with a solution containing an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy compound.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks which contain catalyst contaminants or poisons such as sulfur-containing compounds may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer and configuration of the oligomer by utilizing a catalyst which is stable and will not deactivate due to the presence of the aforementioned poisons. The catalyst comprises a porous support which has been impregnated with a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound and a Group IVA metal compound. In addition, the catalyst composite may also contain in combination therewith, a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy/aluminum halide compound. The catalyst of this invention is prepared by impregnating a porous support with an aqueous solution containing an iron group metal salt and a Group IVA metal salt, calcining and containing the calcined support with a solution containing an alkyl aluminum compound.

Abstract: Olefinic hydrocarbons which contain from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms may be oligomerized to form oligomers of desired configuration utilizing a process which comprises contacting said olefins with a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of a non-stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen-containing iron group metal in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum halide. Oligomerization conditions which are employed to effect the process will include temperatures in the range of from about -20.degree. to about 120.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 350 to about 1,000 pounds per square inch gauge.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks which contain catalyst contaminants or poisons such as sulfur-containing compounds may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer and configuration of the oligomer by utilizing a catalyst which is stable and will not deactivate due to the presence of the aforementioned poisons. The catalyst comprises a porous support which has been impregnated with a catalytically effective amount of a non-stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen-containing iron group metal compound and a compound containing a metal of Group IVA of the Periodic Table. In addition, the catalyst composite will also contain in combination therewith, a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy/aluminum halide compound.

Abstract: An olefinic feedstock containing contaminants such as oxygenates may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer which contains a particular configuration. The process may be effected by utilizing a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of a non-stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen-containing iron group metal compound in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an activator comprising an aluminum alkoxide. The presence of the latter compound in the catalyst compound will permit the catalyst to maintain its activity and stability over a relatively long period of time.

Abstract: Olefins may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer and configuration of the oligomer by utilizing a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of an hydrate of an iron group metal salt in which the mole ratio of water of hydration to iron group metal is greater than 0.5:1 in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum halide.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a solid carrier material having an average particle size of less than about 110 mesh.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptan which comprises reacting mercaptan contained in the hydrocarbon fraction with an oxidizing agent by contacting the hydrocarbon fraction and the oxidizing agent with a supported metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and anhydrous ammonia in the absence of an aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing mercaptan which comprises reacting mercaptans contained in the hydrocarbon fraction with an oxidizing agent by passing the hydrocarbon fraction and the oxidizing agent into contact with a bed of metal chelate mercaptan oxidation catalyst and a solid carrier material having an average particle size of less than about 110 mesh.