Abstract: High temperature gas emissions from industrial power plant or environmental clean-up processes are subjected to an acoustic waveform having second harmonic content and appropriate second harmonic phase shift to impart a net acoustic Oseen force on particulate matter contained in the gas for removal of said matter. Particulate matter of 1 micron radius is positively excluded, while smaller particles are agglomerated by the sound wave. The acoustic waveform further enhances both sorption of injected sorbent particles for removal of sulfur oxides, and the efficiency of an in-line catalytic converter for removal of nitrogen oxides. The invention improves overall removal efficiency, can operate at very high temperatures, and does not produce any secondary waste, such as filters.

Abstract: Synthetic diamond crystals and films are deposited on a pair of uniformly spaced apart facing plates made of silicon, molybdenum or boron in elemental, nitride or carbide form. The plates are suitably supported within a totally thermally insulated chamber where a pressure of about 10 torr or less is maintained in the form of an atmosphere which includes a carbon source and a major portion of hydrogen, and preferably includes oxygen in equal amount to the carbon. By supplying sufficient microwave power to create a plasma and a uniform temperature of about 950.degree. C. at the plate surfaces, diamond crystals economically grow on the surfaces of the facing plates. Preferably, either the plates or the backing sections thereof have a relatively high thermal conductivity so as to maintain a uniform temperature across the entire plate surface areas.

Abstract: A microwave traveling-wave production element produces diamond using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The production element includes a waveguide of a specified length and cross section designed to operate in a specified microwave transmission mode. A microwave oscillator mounted at one end of the waveguide provides microwave energy to the waveguide at a specified frequency for operating in the desired transmission mode. A matched termination load mounted at the other end of the waveguide absorbs the microwave energy that travels through the waveguide and prevents standing waves from being developed within the waveguide. One or more substrate plates are positioned within the waveguide so as to follow a contour of approximately constant tranverse electric field strength. A gaseous mixture, having a composition that promotes the deposition of diamond on the substrate plates, is maintained proximate the substrate plates at a specified pressure.

Abstract: A cyclotron autoresonance maser includes an evacuated drift tube with a first end, a second end and an axis. An electron gun introduces a beam of relativistic electrons to the drift tube first end and, for example, a wiggler magnet causes the electrons to gyrate with the gyrations having relatively small radii. A magnetic field generator is provided which forces the beam of relativistic, gyrating electrons to spiral about the axis of the drift tube. The radii of the spirals is large relative to the radii of the gyrations so that the effective interaction length of the electron beam and a maser beam, having an axis substantially coincidental with the axis of the electron beam, is substantially greater than that of a relativistic electron beam and a maser beam which simply cross. A method of generating coherent radiation is also disclosed.