Abstract: A method of making a parallel programmed electronic matrix array including the steps of forming at least one layer of a phase changeable material on a conductive substrate, wherein the phase changeable material has a substantially nonconductive state and a comparatively high conductive state. The layer is formed in one of the states. The method also includes irradiating selected areas of the layer to simultaneously convert the selected areas of the layer to the other one of the states to form selected substantially nonconductive layer portions and selected comparatively high conductive layer portions. Thereafter, in a preprogrammed embodiment, first and second sets of electrically conductive address lines are formed on respective opposite sides of the layer.

Abstract: A device and method for converting an X-ray image into a corresponding output image with light from a different source and a phosphorescent layer in conjunction with a liquid crystal light valve. The light valve includes a photosensor layer comprised of a deposited semiconductor material having distinct light and dark photoconductivities, the light photoconductivity being substantially greater than the dark photoconductivity.When impinged upon by an particular pattern of X-rays, the phosphorescent layer phosphoresces in a corresponding pattern, which phosphorescence in turn causes the semiconductor layer to be switched to its light photoconductivity in a pattern also corresponding to that of the input X-ray image. The pattern of switched semiconductor in the photosensor layer allows a biasing voltage to be switched over to the liquid crystal layer of the light valve in a corresponding pattern.

Abstract: A high speed digital electronic system includes a plurality of logic or switching circuits for providing one or more bits of discrete output in response to applied input signals. At least some of the circuits include devices switchable between at least two logic states, and are formed from materials of the type which exhibit increased switching speeds when maintained in a dynamic mode of operation. Signal source means apply to the system dynamic signals for maintaining the switchable devices in a dynamic mode of operation. The switchable devices are preferably formed from amorphous semiconductor alloys including silicon and may take the form of diodes to form AC logic AND gates, OR gates or a matrix selection circuit. The dynamic signals take the form of alternating major and minor clock pulses having a frequency between 10 and 40 megahertz. The logic circuits are arranged to form a binary adder.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the operation of a press provides outputs indicating the total number of hits and the operating speed of the press as well as the total amount of product produced by the press.Specifically, an N-Pulser is driven by a proximity switch coupled to the press so as to fill an accumulator that maintains a running total of the amount of product produced. The N-Pulser includes a gate that has an enabling input coupled to the proximity switch and a signal input coupled to a clock. When the gate is enabled the output of the clock is permitted to pass through the gate to the input of a counter, the counter having been preset to a state determined by the amount of product produced during each cycle of the press. The gate is disabled when the counter has counted to a predetermined, ZERO, state. The output of the gate is in a parallel fashion coupled to the accumulator, so that a specified number of pulses are dumped into the accumulator as a result of each cycle of the press.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a smoke impermeable core of generally cylindrical shape and a smoke permeable material overlaying at least a portion of the periphery of the core. The core with the overlaying permeable material is circumscribed by an air pervious tipping material to form a cigarette filter.

Abstract: A method of making a parallel programmed electronic matrix array including the steps of forming at least one layer of a phase changeable material on a conductive substrate, wherein the phase changeable material has a substantially nonconductive state and a comparatively high conductive state. The layer is formed in one of the states. The method also includes irradiating selected areas of the layer to simultaneously convert the selected areas of the layer to the other one of the states to form selected substantially nonconductive layer portions and selected comparatively high conductive layer portions. Thereafter, in a preprogrammed embodiment, first and second sets of electrically conductive address lines are formed on respective opposite sides of the layer.

Abstract: A smoking article, such as a cigarette, includes generally cylindrically shaped, hollow tubular section located in coaxial abutment to one end of the tobacco column of the cigarette and a generally cylindrically shaped filter rod located in coaxial abutment with the tubular section. The wall of the tubular section is fabricated of an impermeable material. A plurality of grooves are formed in the periphery of the tubular section extending generally longitudinally thereof and being open to at least one end of the tubular section. Air permeable tipping material circumferentially surrounds the tubular section and the filter rod, and overlaps a portion of the tobacco column adjacent to the tubular section to fasten the tubular section and filter rod to the tobacco column.

Abstract: A cigarette filter includes a porous filter element attached to a cigarette, the element circumscribed by ventilating air ducts with an impermeable barrier therebetween so that smoke travels down the filter element and ventilating air travels down the ducts during use. The size of the ducts, the number of ducts, and the flow rate of ventilating air is so defined that substantially all of the smoke is dispersed immediately upon exiting the filter element.

Abstract: A filter member (98) is mounted on the inside of a sidewall (16) of a receptacle (10), in a position covering an opening (76) in the sidewall (16). A vacuum cleaner suction hose attachment (122) is provided on the opposite side of such opening (76). The receptacle (10) is a closed container when used, except for a sidewall inlet (38) in the sidewall (14) which is opposite the filter carrying wall (16). Ashes (134) are introduced into the inlet opening (38) and dumped into an ash pan (52) contained within the lower portion of the receptacle (10). The vacuum cleaner (130) draws the fine dust to the filter member (98). The fine ash dust is collected by the filter member (98) or is drawn into the vacuum cleaner (130). When the ash pan (52) needs to be emptied, the top (22) of the receptacle (10) is swung open.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a porous filter rod circumscribed by a non-porous wrapper wherein the filter rod with the non-porous wrapper therearound is provided with grooves extending from one end thereof a preselected distance longitudinally therealong. The grooves are open to the atmosphere and may be oriented to extend to the mouth end of the filter when connected to a cigarette, to the tobacco end of the filter when connected to the cigarette, or non-connecting grooves which extend from each end of the filter element a preselected distance therealong.

Abstract: A cigarette filter includes a porous filter element attached to a cigarette, the element circumscribed by ventilating air ducts with an impermeable barrier therebetween so that smoke travels down the filter element and ventilating air travels down the ducts during use. The size of the ducts, the number of ducts, and the flow rate of ventilating air is so defined that substantially all of the smoke is dispersed immediately upon exiting the filter element.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a porous filter rod circumscribed by a smoke impervious wrapper wherein the filter rod with the non-porous wrapper therearound is provided with at least one groove therein extending a preselected distance longitudinally therealong. The groove is closed at one end and is provided with an opening substantially at the other end in flow communication with the filter rod. Tipping material circumscribes the wrapper and is provided with flow-through openings therein in flow communication with the groove wherein ventilating air is the only fluid flowing through the groove when the filter is used in combination with a cigarette during normal smoke draw.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a porous filter rod circumscribed by a non-porous wrapper and a tipping material having selected openings therein for allowing ventilating air to pass therethrough. Spacing members are disposed between the non-porous wrapper and tipping material to form ventilating air channels therebetween.

Abstract: A process for fabricating wire wafers from wire stock wherein the wire stock is fed against a wire stop member, surrounded by a support member having wire cut-off and back-up tools located integral to the support member with the wire cut-off and back-up tools activated to provide first and second wire wafers and de-activated to return the wire cut-off and back-up tools to a position for a succeeding cycle.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a porous filter rod circumscribed by a smoke impervious wrapper wherein the filter rod with the smoke impervious wrapper therearound is provided with grooves embedded therein and extending from one end thereof a preselected distance longitudinally therealong. Tipping material circumscribes the smoke impervious wrapper and is provided with flow-through openings therein in flow communication with the grooves. Support means are provided for the tipping material at the mouth end of the filter to maintain the tipping material in circumferential equalization.

Abstract: Electro-mechanical, milk transfer systems which interlock the dairy farmer's milk holding tank agitator and the pump for drawing milk from the tank into a milk transport vehicle to preclude energization of the pump until the agitator has operated for a minimum, predetermined time; tamper proof circumvention-preventing devices to preclude by-pass of the interlock systems during milk transfer to the transport vehicle; and milk sample-taking units for automatically taking one or more samples of the milk being pumped into the transport vehicle.

Abstract: On-line samplers using a piston having its rod reciprocally mounted in a tubular member which reciprocates in a passage, at least the piston and its rod adapted to project out of said passage into the line in which fluid to be sampled is flowing. Upon return of the piston and the tubular member into the passage, a constant volume of sample between the annular faces of the piston and the tubular member is taken into the passage, from which the sample is discharged under positive pressure by moving one of said annular faces into substantially face-to-face contact with the other annular face.

Abstract: A filter for a cigarette includes a porour filter rod circumscribed by a non-porous or smoke impervious wrapper wherein the filter rod with the non-porous wrapper therearound is provided with grooves extending from one end thereof a preselected distance longitudinally therealong. Tipping material circumscribes the non-porous wrapper and is provided with flow-through openings therein in flow communication with the grooves. The grooves may be oriented to extend to the mouth end of the filter when connected to a cigarette, to the tobacco end of the filter when connected to the cigarette, or non-connecting grooves which extend from each end of the filter element a preselected distance therealong.

Abstract: Tobacco substitutes comprising an organic binder containing boric oxide or boron oxyacids and their ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts are disclosed. The disclosed tobacco substitute may comprise from about 2 to about 95% by weight boric oxide, boron oxyacid, or boron oxyacid salt and from about 5 to about 50% by weight, of the organic binder wherein during combustion the boron compound melts or fuses to form a stable ash. The tobacco substitute may also optionally include up to about 93% by weight of a filler such as CaCO.sub.3, MgCO.sub.3, charcoal, alumina or alumina trihydrate and up to about 15% by weight monoammonium or diammonium phosphate.

Abstract: There is described a subdie assembly adapted for easy removal from a larger die apparatus. The assembly comprises a die retention means, die means, guide means, tool retention means and workpiece engaging means both movably oriented on said guide means for aligned movement toward and away from the die retention means, and first and second resilient spacing means for maintaining the tool retention means in spaced relationship with the workpiece engaging means and the die retention means respectively.