Abstract: A method and system for determining metrics are provided. An issue associated with an entity and received from an end-user account via the computer system are registered in an issue database. A notification of the registered issue is communicated via a messaging service of the computer system to an entity account associated with the entity. An information request is communicated from the entity account to the end-user account via the messaging service for private information at least indirectly identifying an end-user associated with the end-user account. The issue is flagged as unverified in the issue database if the private information is withheld by the end-user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorescent dyes based on acridine derivatives and use of such dyes, for example, in biochemical and/or cell based assays. A preferred feature of some of the dyes described is their long fluorescence lifetimes and their use to label biological molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorescent dyes based on acridine derivatives and use of such dyes, for example, in biochemical and/or cell based assays. A preferred feature of some of the dyes described is their long fluorescence lifetimes and their use to label biological molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a salt thereof: Z-(CH2)n—CO—NH-Leu-Ile-Gly-AA1-AA2-CO—R (I) wherein Z represents an aryl group which may or may not have a substituent or a heteroaryl group which may or may not have a substituent; n represents 0, 1 or 2: AA1-AA2 represents Lys-Val or Arg-Leu; and R represents —OH or —NH2, and relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof. The peptide derivative is useful as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent of dysfunction of masticatory, dysphagia, dysgeusia, ozostomia, intra-oral cavity dysphoria, intra-oral cavity infections, intra-oral cavity inflammations, dry eye, ectocornea detachment, keratitis, corneal ulcer, conjunctivitis, stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, enteritis or Sjogren's syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tag for purification of peptides. The tag structure facilitates the easy cleavage of a bond formed between the tag molecule and a peptide to which it is bound under conditions which minimize, indeed preferably prevent, damage to the peptide. The tag molecules of the invention may be used to separate and/or purify a peptide from a mixture of peptides and/or other components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a salt thereof: Z-(CH2)n—CO—NH-Leu-Ile-Gly-AA1-AA2-CO—R (I) wherein Z represents an aryl group which may or may not have a substituent or a heteroaryl group which may or may not have a substituent; n represents 0, 1 or 2: AA1-AA2 represents Lys-Val or Arg-Leu; and R represents —OH or —NH2, and relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof.

Abstract: A method for the preparation and purification of compounds using a novel support, a tetrabenzo [a, c, g, i]-fluorene group (Tbf) comprising reacting a building block (A) containing a Tbf group (Tbf-A), with a second building block (B), to afford an intermediate compound (Tbg-A-B) followed by purifying the intermediate compound by adsorption on a carbon support, removing the intermediate compound from the support with a solvent and repeating the previous reactions using the required number of building blocks to synthesize the compounds followed by removal of the Tbf group to afford the desired compounds.

Abstract: A method for the preparation and purification of compounds using a novel support, a tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fluorene group (Tbf) comprising reacting a building block (A) containing a Tbf group (Tbf-A), with a second building block (B), to afford an intermediate compound (Tbg-A-B) followed by purifying the intermediate compound by adsorption on a carbon support, removing the intermediate compound from the support with a solvent and repeating the previous reactions using the required number of building blocks to synthesize the compounds followed by removal of the Tbf group to afford the desired compounds.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a cyclic amino acid by a novel synthesis is described where benzonitrile is treated with an alkali metal and an amine under Birch reduction conditions to generate in situ an anionic intermediate which is alkylated with an &agr;-haloacetic acid moiety which is subsequently converted to the desired product, as well as valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: The protective group having the following formula (I): Ar—L—  (I) wherein Ar represents a substantially planar, fused ring system containing at least 4 aromatic rings, and L represents a group containing at least one carbon atom which is capable of bonding to a group to be protected.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a cyclic amino acid by a novel synthesis is described where benzonitrile is treated with an alkali metal and an amine under Birch reduction conditions to generate in situ an anionic intermediate which is alkylated with an &agr;-haloacetic acid moiety which is subsequently converted to the desired product, as well as valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a cyclic amino acid by a novel synthesis is described where benzonitrile is treated with an alkali metal and an amine under Birch reduction conditions to generate in situ an anionic intermediate which is alkylated with an &agr;-haloacetic acid moiety which is subsequently converted to the desired product, as well as valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: A method for the preparation and purification of compounds using a novel support, a tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fluorene group (Tbf) comprising reacting a building block (A) containing a Tbf group (Tbf-A), with a second building block (B), to afford an intermediate compound (Tbg-A-B) followed by purifying the intermediate compound by adsorption on a carbon support, removing the intermediate compound from the support with a solvent and repeating the previous reactions using the required number of building blocks to synthesize the compounds followed by removal of the Tbf group to afford the desired compounds.

Abstract: A protecting group for use in separating oligodeoxyribonucleotide compounds having the formula Ar--L--Y, wherein Ar represents a substantially planar, fused ring system containing at least fused rings; L represents a linker group containing at least one carbon atom which is capable of bonding to Ar and Y; and Y represents a specifically acid labile group.

Abstract: The protective group having the following formula (I):Ar--L-- (I)whereinAr represents a substantially planar, fused ring system containing at least 4 aromatic rings, andL represents a group containing at least one carbon atom which is capable of bonding to a group to be protected.

Abstract: A novel class of protecting compounds, particularly for amino acids, is based on 2,2 di nitrophenyl ethan- groups, particularly the groups wherein the nitro is in the para position. The ethyl group may be substituted, e.g. by an alkyl group, in the l- position. Preferred compounds include the alcohol or halide which are suitable for protecting acid functional groups, and esters, including activated and substituted esters, particularly the succinimidyl ester, for protecting amine groups. The invention includes methods of manufacture and use, together with protected amino acids.

Abstract: A class of novel chemical compounds comprising derivatives of 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulphonyl and having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from halogen and other groups having acidic functionality. We prefer that the X-group be chlorine.The said compounds are made by the sulphonation of 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman, preferably using chlorosulphonic acid.The primary utility of the compounds of the present invention is in the protection of functional groups in organic synthesis and more particularly in the protection of basic functional amino groups, such as amidines and guanidines.The invention also provides a method of making the protecting group and a protected amino acid.

Abstract: A class of novel chemical compounds comprising derivatives of 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulphonyl and having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from halogen and other groups having acidic functionality. We prefer that the X-group be chlorine.The said compounds are made by the sulphonation of 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman, preferably using chlorosulphonic acid.The primary utility of the compounds of the present invention is in the protection of functional groups in organic synthesis and more particularly in the protection of basic functional amino groups, such as amidines and guanidines.The invention also provides a method of making the protecting group and a protected amino acid.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, hydroxyl or functionalized hydroxyl; Y is halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy; R.sup.1 is a carboxylic acid group and ester thereof and amide derivative thereof or cyano; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon, a heterocycle, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester, a carboxylic acid amide derivative, acyl, cyano, isocyano or an optionally substituted imine of the formula --CH.dbd.NZ or --N.dbd.CH.sub.2 wherein Z is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, sulphonyl, --SR.sup.a, sulphoxide --SR.sup.a, or sulphonate --SR.sup.a wherein R.sup.a is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl, are useful as intermediates for the ultimate production of penicillins or cephalosporins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-substituted thiophenes which involves cyclization of a novel intermediate, avoids the use of previously employed expensive starting materials. The thiophenes are useful for the preparation of penicillins and cephalosporins.The process is for the preparation of a thiophene of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 represents a carboxylic acid group, or an ester or amide thereof or a nitrile group; R.sup.2 represents a group suitable for use as an .alpha.-substituent in the side-chain of a penicillin or cephalosporin; which comprises treating a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X represents halogen or optionally functionalized hydroxyl, Y represents halogen, hydroxyl, or alkoxy; with a source of nucleophilic sulphur under basic conditions.