Abstract: Polymer compositions and fracturing fluids derived therefrom including a mixture of cationic hydratable polymers and anionic hydratable polymers, where the polymer composition and a hydrating water composition properties are optimized to afford a similar drag reduction and hydration viscosity compared to fracturing fluids in the absence of hydratable anionic polymers at a lower cost and methods for making and using same.

Abstract: Polymer compositions and fracturing fluids derived therefrom including a mixture of cationic hydratable polymers and anionic hydratable polymers, where the polymer composition and a hydrating water composition properties are optimized to afford a similar drag reduction and hydration viscosity compared to fracturing fluids in the absence of hydratable anionic polymers at a lower cost and methods for making and using same.

Abstract: Polymer-coated proppants for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells have an outer layer portion that comprises an organofunctional coupling agent, preferably an organofunctional silane coupling agent. The use of an organofunctional silane coupling agent in the outer layer portion of the proppant coating is preferably chosen to expose functionalities that will be reactive towards similar functionalities of adjacent and similarly coated proppants so that, when introduced downhole, these proppants form interparticle bonds at the temperatures and crack closure pressures found downhole in fractured strata. Such enhanced interparticle bonding helps keep the proppant in the fracture and maintains conductivity with reduced flowback. The invention also helps proppants designed for low temperature well to bond more firmly and allows proppants designed for high temperature wells to bond well even at lower downhole temperatures, thereby extending their useful range.

Abstract: Polymers and fracturing fluid compositions including a base fluid, an effective amount of a hydratable polymer composition including one or more gel-forming hydratable polymers, a friction reducer composition including hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed hydrolyzable polymers and copolymers, a cross-linking composition in an amount sufficient to crosslink the one or more gel-forming hydratable polymers to form crosslinked structures within the fracturing fluid composition with or without a proppant and methods including combining an aqueous fluid and an oleaginous fluid to prepare an invert emulsion comprising a polymerizable composition, degassing the invert emulsion under an extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender and thereby removing oxygen to produce a degassed invert emulsion and compositions and methods including a hydratable additive concentrate comprising a hydratable additive that is at least substantially hydrated and a hydrating liquid, wherein the hydratable additive

Abstract: Solid proppants are coated with a phenol-urethane coating in one or more layers by a method comprising coating a proppant solid and then curing the coated proppant under conditions sufficient to substantially cure said proppant, wherein said coating comprises a substantially homogeneous mixture of (i) an isocyanate component having at least 2 isocyanate groups, (ii) an amine reactant, and optionally (iii) an amine that is a latent curing agent for said isocyanate.

Abstract: Fracturing fluid compositions including a base fluid including a high TDS produced and/or flow back water, brackish water, RO reject water, clear brine, and mixtures thereof with or without added fresh water and systems, and methods for making and using same, where the method includes: (a) adding a first buffer to adjust the pH of a base fluid to an acidic pH, (b) adding a hydratable polymer or polymer slurry to the base fluid to form a hydratable polymer fracturing fluid, (c) adding a cross-linking composition to the hydratable polymer fracturing fluid to form a pre-cross-linked fracturing fluid, and (d) if needed, adding a second buffer to the pre-cross-linked fracturing fluid to adjust the pH of the pre-cross-linked fracturing fluid to form a viscosified fracturing fluid having a crosslinked structure.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems and methods implementing the apparatuses and systems include a blender base unit having an rpm sensor and the methods determines a minimum rpm value that is converted to a shear rate, a fluid velocity rate, and an estimated maximum fracture width.

Abstract: Polymer-coated proppants for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells have an outer layer portion that comprises an organofunctional coupling agent, preferably an organofunctional silane coupling agent. The use of an organofunctional silane coupling agent in the outer layer portion of the proppant coating is preferably chosen to expose functionalities that will be reactive towards similar functionalities of adjacent and similarly coated proppants so that, when introduced downhole, these proppants form interparticle bonds at the temperatures and crack closure pressures found downhole in fractured strata. Such enhanced interparticle bonding helps keep the proppant in the fracture and maintains conductivity with reduced flowback. The invention also helps proppants designed for low temperature well to bond more firmly and allows proppants designed for high temperature wells to bond well even at lower downhole temperatures, thereby extending their useful range.

Abstract: Polymer compositions and fracturing fluids derived therefrom including a mixture of cationic hydratable polymers and anionic hydratable polymers, where the polymer composition and a hydrating water composition properties are optimized to afford a similar drag reduction and hydration viscosity compared to fracturing fluids in the absence of hydratable anionic polymers at a lower cost and methods for making and using same.

Abstract: Polymer coated proppants for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells have an outer layer portion that comprises an organofunctional coupling agent, preferably an organofunctional silane coupling agent. The use of an organofunctional silane coupling agent in the outer layer portion of the proppant coating is preferably chosen to expose functionalities that will be reactive towards similar functionalities of adjacent and similarly coated proppants so that, when introduced downhole, these proppants form interparticle bonds at the temperatures and crack closure pressures found downhole in fractured strata. Such enhanced interparticle bonding helps keep the proppant in the fracture and maintains conductivity with reduced flowback. The invention also helps proppants designed for low temperature well to bond more firmly and allows proppants designed for high temperature wells to bond well even at lower downhole temperatures, thereby extending their useful range.

Abstract: Polymers and fracturing fluid compositions including a base fluid, an effective amount of a hydratable polymer composition including one or more gel-forming hydratable polymers, a friction reducer composition including hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed hydrolyzable polymers and copolymers, a cross-linking composition in an amount sufficient to crosslink the one or more gel-forming hydratable polymers to form crosslinked structures within the fracturing fluid composition with or without a proppant and methods including combining an aqueous fluid and an oleaginous fluid to prepare an invert emulsion comprising a polymerizable composition, degassing the invert emulsion under an extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender and thereby removing oxygen to produce a degassed invert emulsion and compositions and methods including a hydratable additive concentrate comprising a hydratable additive that is at least substantially hydrated and a hydrating liquid, wherein the hydratable additive

Abstract: Fracturing fluid compositions including a base fluid including a high TDS produced and/or flow back water, brackish water, RO reject water, clear brine, and mixtures thereof with or without added fresh water and systems, and methods for making and using same, where the method includes: (a) adding a first buffer to adjust the pH of a base fluid to an acidic pH, (b) adding a hydratable polymer or polymer slurry to the base fluid to form a hydratable polymer fracturing fluid, (c) adding a cross-linking composition to the hydratable polymer fracturing fluid to form a pre-cross-linked fracturing fluid, and (d) if needed, adding a second buffer to the pre-cross-linked fracturing fluid to adjust the pH of the pre-cross-linked fracturing fluid to form a viscosified fracturing fluid having a crosslinked structure.

Abstract: Methods include producing a gelled sanitizer composition, including preparing a hydrating fluid composition including water and one or more of alcohol and peroxide; preparing a hydratable additive; and combining the hydrating fluid composition and the hydratable additive to produce a gelled composition. Methods also include flowing a hydrating liquid composition in an extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender, wherein the hydrating liquid composition includes water and a C2-C10 solvent, and a flow rate of the hydrating liquid composition and a diameter of the elongated passageway are sufficient to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 or greater; and adding a hydratable additive to the hydrating liquid composition in the elongated passageway to produce a mixture comprising the hydratable additive that is at least partially hydrated.

Abstract: Methods include producing a gelled sanitizer composition, including preparing a hydrating fluid composition including water and one or more of alcohol and peroxide; preparing a hydratable additive; and combining the hydrating fluid composition and the hydratable additive to produce a gelled composition. Methods also include flowing a hydrating liquid composition in an extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender, wherein the hydrating liquid composition includes water and a C2-C10 solvent, and a flow rate of the hydrating liquid composition and a diameter of the elongated passageway are sufficient to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 or greater; and adding a hydratable additive to the hydrating liquid composition in the elongated passageway to produce a mixture comprising the hydratable additive that is at least partially hydrated.

Abstract: A method includes combining an aqueous fluid and an oleaginous fluid to prepare an invert emulsion comprising a polymerizable composition, degassing the invert emulsion under an extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender and thereby removing oxygen to produce a degassed invert emulsion. A flow rate of the invert emulsion and a diameter of the elongated passageway are sufficient to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 or greater. The method also includes transferring at least a portion of the degassed invert emulsion to the second extender at one or more time intervals and returning the portion of the degassed invert emulsion to the reactor, and isolating a polymer product from the degassed invert emulsion. A flow rate of the invert emulsion and a diameter of the elongated passageway are sufficient to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 or greater.

Abstract: Compositions include a hydratable additive concentrate comprising a hydratable additive that is at least substantially hydrated and a hydrating liquid, wherein the hydratable additive concentrate is a mixture produced according to a method that includes flowing a hydrating liquid in a extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender, wherein a flow rate of the hydrating liquid and a diameter of the elongated passageway are sufficient to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 or greater; and adding a hydratable additive to the hydrating liquid in the elongated passageway to produce a mixture comprising the hydratable additive that is at least partially hydrated.

Abstract: A method includes flowing a hydrating liquid in an extensional flow regime through an elongated passageway of an extender, wherein a flow rate of the hydrating liquid and a diameter of the elongated passageway are sufficient to achieve a Reynolds number of 20,000 or greater. A hydratable additive is added to the hydrating liquid in the elongated passageway to produce a mixture comprising the hydratable additive that is at least partially hydrated.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems and methods implementing the apparatuses and systems include a blender base unit having an rpm sensor and the methods determines a minimum rpm value that is converted to a shear rate, a fluid velocity rate, and an estimated maximum fracture width.

Abstract: Solid proppants are coated with a coating that exhibits the handling characteristics of a pre-cured coating while also exhibiting the ability to form particle-to-particle bonds at the elevated temperatures and pressures within a wellbore. The coating includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of (i) at least one isocyanate component having at least 2 isocyanate groups, and (ii) a curing agent comprising a monofunctional alcohol, amine or amide. The coating process can be performed with short cycle times, e.g., less than about 4 minutes, and still produce a dry, free-flowing, coated proppant that exhibits low dust characteristics during pneumatic handling but also proppant consolidation downhole for reduced washout and good conductivity. Such proppants also form good unconfined compressive strength without use of an bond activator, are substantially unaffected in bond formation characteristics under downhole conditions despite prior heat exposure, and are resistant to leaching with hot water.

Abstract: Solid proppants are coated with a coating that exhibits the handling characteristics of a precured coating while also exhibiting the ability to form particle-to-particle bonds at the elevated temperatures and pressures within a wellbore. The coating includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of (i) at least one isocyanate component having at least 2 isocyanate groups, and (ii) a curing agent. The coating process can be performed with short cycle times, e.g., less than about 4 minutes, and still produce a dry, free-flowing, coated proppant that exhibits low dust characteristics during pneumatic handling but also proppant consolidation downhole for reduced washout and good conductivity.