Abstract: A system for generating parametric stereo data from phase modulated stereo data is provided. A phase difference system receives left channel data and right channel data and determines a phase difference between the left channel data and the right channel data. A phase difference weighting system receives the phase difference data and generates weighting data to adjust left channel amplitude data and right channel amplitude data based on the phase difference data. A magnitude modification system adjusts the left channel amplitude data and the right channel amplitude data using the weighting data to eliminate phase data in the left channel data and the right channel data.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine for converting from an N channel audio system to an M channel audio system, where N is an integer greater than M, is provided. The audio spatial environment engine includes one or more correlators receiving two of the N channels of audio data and eliminating delays between the channels that are irrelevant to an average human listener. One or more Hilbert transform systems each perform a Hilbert transform on one or more of the correlated channels of audio data. One or more summers receive at least one of the correlated channels of audio data and at least one of the Hilbert transformed correlated channels of audio data and generate one of the M channels of audio data.

Abstract: A system for controlling volume comprising a perceptual loudness estimation unit for determining a perceived loudness of each of a plurality of frequency bands of a signal. A gain control unit for receiving the perceived loudness of one of the frequency bands of the signal and for adjusting a gain of the frequency band of the signal as a function of the perceived loudness of the frequency band.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine for converting from an N channel audio system to an M channel audio system, where N is an integer greater than M, is provided. The audio spatial environment engine includes one or more correlators receiving two or more of the N channels of audio data and eliminating delays between the channels that are irrelevant to an average human listener. One or more Hilbert transform systems each perform a Hilbert transform on one or more of the correlated channels of audio data. One or more summers receive at least one of the correlated channels of audio data and at least one of the Hilbert transformed correlated channels of audio data and generate one of the M channels of audio data.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine is provided for converting between different formats of audio data. The audio spatial environment engine (100) allows for flexible conversion between N-channel data and M-channel data and conversion from M-channel data back to N?-channel data, where N, M, and N? are integers and where N is not necessarily equal to N?. For example, such systems could be used for the transmission or storage of surround sound data across a network or infrastructure designed for stereo sound data. The audio spatial environment engine provides improved and flexible conversions between different spatial environments due to an advanced dynamic down-mixing unit (102) and a high-resolution frequency band up-mixing unit (104). The dynamic down-mixing unit includes an intelligent: analysis and correction loop (108, 110) capable of correcting for spectral, temporal, and spatial inaccuracies common to many down-mixing methods.

Abstract: An audio processing application is provided which utilizes an audio codec encode/decode simulation system and a psychoacoustic model to estimate audible quantization noise that may occur during lossy audio compression. Mask-to-noise ratio values are computed for a plurality of frequency bands and are used to intelligently process an audio signal specifically for a given audio codec. In one exemplary embodiment, the mask-to-noise ratio values are used to reduce the extent of perceived artifacts for lossy compression, such as by modifying the energy and/or coherence of frequency bands in which quantization noise is estimated to exceed the masking threshold.

Abstract: A system for compensating for signal fade in a frequency-modulated transmission system is provided, such as for use in terrestrial frequency modulated receivers. The system includes a time domain to frequency domain conversion stage receiving M channels of audio data and generating a plurality of sub-bands of audio spatial image data. A sub-band vector calculation system receives the M channels of the plurality of sub-bands of audio spatial image data and generates image map data. A summation stage receives the M channels of the plurality of sub-bands of audio spatial image data and adds each of the corresponding sub-bands for each of the M channels to form a plurality of sub-band fine structures. A filter stage receives the plurality of sub-band fine structures and the image map data and multiplies the sub-band fine structures by a predetermined gain based on the image map data.

Abstract: A system for processing audio data is provided. The system includes a spectral shaping system that receives sample audio data and generates spectral characteristic data for a plurality of spectral bands. The spectral characteristic data includes spectral characteristic data for predetermined frequency bands for a combination of one or more left channel data, one or more right channel data, or one or more additional channel data such as those defined pursuant to MPEG-2, and a difference between the one or more left channel data, the one or more right channel data, or the one or more additional channel data. An audio processing system receives the spectral characteristic data and processes the audio data so as to provide the spectral characteristic data for the spectral bands of the audio data.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine is provided for converting from an N channel audio system to an M channel audio system, such as in a dynamic down-mixer where N and M are integers and N is greater than M. The dynamic down-mix methodology consists of a static down-mix system utilizing an intelligent analysis and correction loop. The original N-channel audio signals are provided to a static down-mix process which produces a down-mixed M-channel audio signal. That M-channel audio signal is provided to an up-mix process which generates a subsequent N-channel audio signal. Any spectral, temporal, or spatial inaccuracies between the original N-channel audio and the subsequent up-mixed N-channel audio are then identified and corrected in the down-mixed M-channel audio signal over a plurality of frequency bands generating the final down-mixed M-channel audio signal.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine for flexible and scalable up-mixing from an M channel audio system to an N channel audio system, where M and N are integers and N is greater than M, is provided. The input M channel audio is provided to an analysis filter bank which converts the time domain signals into frequency domain signals. Relevant inter-channel spatial cues are extracted from the frequency domain signals on a sub-band basis and are used as parameters to generate adaptive N channel filters which control the spatial placement of a frequency band element in the up-mixed sound field. The N channel filters are smoothed across both time and frequency to limit filter variability which could cause annoying fluctuation effects. The smoothed N channel filters are then applied to adaptive combinations of the frequency domain input signals and are provided to a synthesis filter bank which generates the N channel time domain output signals.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine is provided for converting between different formats of audio data. The audio spatial environment engine allows for flexible conversion between N-channel data and M-channel data and conversion from M-channel data back to N?-channel data, where N, M, and N? are integers and where N is not necessarily equal to N?. For example, such systems could be used for the transmission or storage of surround sound data across a network or infrastructure designed for stereo sound data. The audio spatial environment engine provides improved and flexible conversions between different spatial environments due to an advanced dynamic down-mixing unit and a high-resolution frequency band up-mixing unit. The dynamic down-mixing unit includes an intelligent analysis and correction loop capable of correcting for spectral, temporal, and spatial inaccuracies common to many down-mixing methods.

Abstract: An audio spatial environment engine for converting from an N channel audio system to an M channel audio system, where N is an integer greater than M, is provided. The audio spatial environment engine includes one or more correlators receiving two or more of the N channels of audio data and eliminating delays between the channels that are irrelevant to an average human listener. One or more Hilbert transform systems each perform a Hilbert transform on one or more of the correlated channels of audio data. One or more summers receive at least one of the correlated channels of audio data and at least one of the Hilbert transformed correlated channels of audio data and generate one of the M channels of audio data.

Abstract: A module and a method of making the module is disclosed. The module is fod from a semiconductor and a silicon carbide chip for high temperature applications. The module is designed to be compatible with current silicon IC processes.

Abstract: A module and a method of making the module is disclosed. The module is formed from a semiconductor substrate and a silicon carbide chip for high temperature applications. The module is designed to be compatible with current silicon IC processes.

Abstract: An RF-insensitive semiconductor slapper ignitor is created using a silicon ubstrate having a first metallized portion centrally located on its bottom face to form a Schottky barrier diode thereon, and a second substantially smaller metallized portion centrally located on its top face to form a consumable plug. A flyer disc is disposed atop the second metallized portion and is propelled when the consumable plug vaporizes in response to the high current density associated with ignition. In various embodiments the flyer disc is either an insulating material such as plastic, or polyimide, or formed integral to a top contact metal layer.