Abstract: An X-ray laser apparatus (100) for generating X-rays (1) comprises an excitation laser device (10) arranged to generate re) driving laser pulses (2), and a converter material source device (20) arranged to provide a droplet-shaped converter material, which is capable of generating X-rays (1) by non-linear frequency conversion in response to an irradiation with the driving laser pulses (2), wherein the excitation laser device (10) is arranged for a focused irradiation of the droplet-shaped converter material and the converter material source device (20) is configured to provide superfluid Helium droplets (3), which provide the converter material. Furthermore, a method for generating X-rays (1) is described, wherein superfluid Helium droplets (3) are utilized as a converter material.

Abstract: A method of generating white light pulses (2) with a white light generation device (100) includes the steps of coupling pump laser pulses (1) into a white light generation crystal (10), generating the white light pulses (2) by an optically non-linear conversion of the pump laser pulses (1) in the white light generation crystal (10) and detecting at least one pulse characteristic of at least one of the pump laser pulses (1) and the white light pulses (2), wherein the white light generation device (100) is controlled using a control loop device (30) and the white light generation device (100) is adjusted in dependency on the at least one detected pulse characteristic. Furthermore, a white light generation device (100) for generating white light pulses (2) is described.

Abstract: A laser pulse shaper device includes shaper unit including first dispersive element for spatially separating spectral components of laser pulses, second dispersive element for parallelizing and deflecting spectral components into Fourier plane of dispersive elements, and mirror for back-reflecting of laser pulses via dispersive elements, and light modulator in Fourier plane of dispersive elements, which is capable of modulating spectral components of laser pulses, wherein beam path of shaper unit includes forward beam path from first dispersive element via second dispersive element to mirror and return beam path from mirror via second dispersive element to first dispersive element, and focusing device is arranged at input side of forward beam path before first dispersive element for focusing spatially separated spectral components of laser pulses to Fourier plane of dispersive elements. Furthermore, a method for stretching or compressing laser pulses is described.

Abstract: A laser pulse shaper device includes shaper unit including first dispersive element for spatially separating spectral components of laser pulses, second dispersive element for parallelizing and deflecting spectral components into Fourier plane of dispersive elements, and mirror for back-reflecting of laser pulses via dispersive elements, and light modulator in Fourier plane of dispersive elements, which is capable of modulating spectral components of laser pulses, wherein beam path of shaper unit includes forward beam path from first dispersive element via second dispersive element to mirror and return beam path from mirror via second dispersive element to first dispersive element, and focusing device is arranged at input side of forward beam path before first dispersive element for focusing spatially separated spectral components of laser pulses to Fourier plane of dispersive elements. Furthermore, a method for stretching or compressing laser pulses is described.

Abstract: A method of generating white light pulses (2) with a white light generation device (100) includes the steps of coupling pump laser pulses (1) into a white light generation crystal (10), generating the white light pulses (2) by an optically non-linear conversion of the pump laser pulses (1) in the white light generation crystal (10) and detecting at least one pulse characteristic of at least one of the pump laser pulses (1) and the white light pulses (2), wherein the white light generation device (100) is controlled using a control loop device (30) and the white light generation device (100) is adjusted in dependency on the at least one detected pulse characteristic. Furthermore, a white light generation device (100) for generating white light pulses (2) is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tile, which is to be used for covering surfaces such as a sloping roof or walls, where the tile comprises a central part with a first-end and a second-end. The first-end is adapted to be mounted to a batten through a snap engagement. The second-end is adapted to be secured at an adjacent first-end of a neighboring tile or to be mounted to the adjacent batten through a snap engagement. The present invention also discloses a roof element which is to be used for covering surfaces such as a sloping roof áor walls, wherein the first-end of the roof element is adapted to be mounted to a batten through a snap engagement. The present invention discloses also a system comprising at least one of said tile and said roof element. Further, the present invention relates to a surface such as a sloping roof or wall provided with said tiles, which are mounted to parallel and spaced apart battens wherein the arrangement of the tiles is transverse to said battens.