Abstract: An apparatus includes a fluidized bed vessel with inlet ports arranged to receive at least one feed stream comprising calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed vessel. The calcium oxide contacts the water to initiate a hydrating reaction to produce calcium hydroxide and heat. The fluidized bed vessel is configured to operate with a fluidization velocity that fluidizes and separates at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide into a first fluidization regime, and at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide into a second fluidization regime. The apparatus further includes a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate, and a cyclone configured to separate a portion of the fluidization gas from a portion of at least one of the calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a fluidized bed vessel with inlet ports arranged to receive at least one feed stream comprising calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed vessel. The calcium oxide contacts the water to initiate a hydrating reaction to produce calcium hydroxide and heat. The fluidized bed vessel is configured to operate with a fluidization velocity that fluidizes and separates at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide into a first fluidization regime, and at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide into a second fluidization regime. The apparatus further includes a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate, and a cyclone configured to separate a portion of the fluidization gas from a portion of at least one of the calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide.

Abstract: A method includes transferring at least one feed stream including calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed; contacting the calcium oxide with the water; based on contacting the calcium oxide with the water, initiating a hydrating reaction; producing, from the hydrating reaction, calcium hydroxide and heat; transferring a portion of the heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate; and fluidizing the calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and the calcium carbonate into a first fluidization regime and a second fluidization regime. The first fluidization regime includes at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide, and the second fluidization regime includes at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide. The first fluidization regime is different than the second fluidization regime.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for recovering carbon dioxide, for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a recausticizing process that also produces caustic soda, for instance, Kraft paper pulp mill lime mud (a.k.a., “lime mud”) as a feedstock to a multi-stage lime mud calcination process. High reactivity, high-quality calcined lime mud (a.k.a. re-burned lime, or calcine), required in the Kraft paper pulp mill's recausticizing process is also produced, and superheated high pressure steam and hot boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's manufacturing operation. The system for calcining calcium carbonate lime mud produced from a recausticizing manufacturing operation and converting it to calcined lime mud and CO2 comprises a calciner and a combustor linked by a moving media heat transfer (MMHT) system or apparatus.

Abstract: A method includes transferring at least one feed stream including calcium oxide calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed; contacting the calcium oxide with the water; based on contacting the calcium oxide with the water, initiating a hydrating reaction; producing, from the hydrating reaction, calcium hydroxide and heat; transferring a portion of the heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate; and fluidizing the calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and the calcium carbonate into a first fluidization regime and a second fluidization regime. The first fluidization regime includes at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide, and the second fluidization regime includes at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide. The first fluidization regime being different than the second fluidization regime.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for recovering carbon dioxide, for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a recausticizing process that also produces caustic soda, for instance, Kraft paper pulp mill lime mud (a.k.a., “lime mud”) as a feedstock to a multi-stage lime mud calcination process. This process may be fueled with low, or negative cost “carbon-neutral” fuels such as waste water treatment plant (WWTP) sludge, biomass, precipitated lignins, coal, or other low cost solid fuels. High reactivity, high-quality calcined lime mud (a.k.a. re-burned lime, or calcine), required in the Kraft paper pulp mill's recausticizing process is also produced, and superheated high pressure steam and hot boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's manufacturing operation.

Abstract: A head-mounted display includes two sets of mirrors. The head-mounted display also includes a rigid structure. The rigid structure supports an image source and supports the two sets of mirrors. The apparatus is worn on the head of a user. Each mirror set comprises three or more curved mirrors. In some cases, each set of mirrors includes a mirror at cheek level, a mirror at brow level, and a mirror in front of an eye. For each mirror set, light travels from the cheek mirror, to the brow mirror, to the mirror in front of the eye. Each set of mirrors rotates an image displayed by the image source and relays the image to an eye of the user. The image undergoes a net rotation of substantially ninety degrees between the image source and the eye.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for recovering carbon dioxide, for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a recausticizing process that also produces caustic soda, for instance, Kraft paper pulp mill lime mud (a.k.a., “lime mud”) as a feedstock to a multi-stage lime mud calcination process. This process may be fueled with low, or negative cost “carbon-neutral” fuels such as waste water treatment plant (WWTP) sludge, biomass, precipitated lignins, coal, or other low cost solid fuels. High reactivity, high-quality calcined lime mud (a.k.a. re-burned lime, or calcine), required in the Kraft paper pulp mill's recausticizing process is also produced, and superheated high pressure steam and hot boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's manufacturing operation.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for recovering carbon dioxide, for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a recausticizing process that also produces caustic soda, for instance, Kraft paper pulp mill lime mud (a.k.a., “lime mud”) as a feedstock to a multi-stage lime mud calcination process. This process may be fueled with low, or negative cost “carbon-neutral” fuels such as waste water treatment plant (WWTP) sludge, biomass, precipitated lignins, coal, or other low cost solid fuels. High reactivity, high-quality calcined lime mud (a.k.a. re-burned lime, or calcine), required in the Kraft paper pulp mill's recausticizing process is also produced, and superheated high pressure steam and hot boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's manufacturing operation.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a manufacturing operation, for instance, Kraft pulp mill lime mud (a.k.a., “lime mud”) as a feedstock to a multi-stage lime mud calcination process. This process may be fueled with waste water treatment plant (WWTP), sludge biomass, precipitated lignins, coal, or other low cost solid fuels. High reactivity “soft-burned” lime product (“calcine”) required in the mill's chemical recovery circuit is also produced, and steam and heated boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's boiler house and manufacturing operation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making titanium dioxide, comprising: reacting titanium tetrachloride with oxygen by contacting the titanium tetrachloride with the oxygen in a vapor phase reactor under mixing conditions and at an elevated temperature to form a gaseous product stream containing titanium dioxide; separating the titanium dioxide from the gaseous product stream to form a process stream; analyzing the process stream to detect a concentration of titanium tetrachloride in the process stream; comparing the concentration of titanium tetrachloride detected in the process stream to an aim point concentration; and modifying the oxidation conditions to restore or maintain the concentration of titanium tetrachloride in the process stream at the aim point.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet, fine particle limestone produced in a manufacturing operation, for instance, a limestone quarry as a feedstock to a multi-stage limestone calcination process. This process may be fueled with negative cost waste water treatment plant (WWTP) sludge, biomass, coal, or other low cost solid fuels. High reactivity lime product required in the an adjacent paper mill's PCC manufacturing plant is also produced, and steam and heated boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's manufacturing operation. The system for calcining fine particle limestone produced in a quarry manufacturing operation and converting it to lime and CO2 comprises a calciner and a combustor linked by a moving media heat transfer (MMHT) system or apparatus.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for calcining wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a re-causticizing manufacturing operation, for instance, Kraft pulp mill lime mud (“lime mud”) and converting it to re-burned lime by (a) feeding wet lime mud obtained from a re-causticizing manufacturing process into a flash dryer and then feeding the dried lime mud into a bubbling fluid bed calciner thermally linked by moving media heat transfer (MMHT) utilizing solid particulate media to a circulating fluid bed combustor wherein the MMHT provides heat input for calcination and drying; (b) recycling the media being from said calciner to said combustor wherein said combustor receives mill WWTP sludge, or precipitated lignins, or biomass, or NCGs as fuels to re-heat the solid particulate media; and (c) recovering calcined “soft-burned” lime mud from the fluid bed calciner.

Abstract: A computer system may include a display and a user interface selection device. The computer system may display a first set of data associated with a first index of a data store in a first frame, and may receive a first selection signal indicative of the user interface selection device selecting a first item of the first set of data. In response to the first selection signal, the computer system may retrieve a second set of data from the data store associated with a second index of the data store, the second set of data being associated with the first item. The computer system may display the second set of data in a second frame distinct from the first frame.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for producing commercial quality carbon dioxide (CO2) of 90% to +99% purity using, wet calcium carbonate lime mud produced in a manufacturing operation, for instance, Kraft pulp mill lime mud (a.k.a., “lime mud”) as a feedstock to a multi-stage lime mud calcination process. This process may be fueled with waste water treatment plant (WWTP), sludge biomass, precipitated lignins, coal, or other low cost solid fuels. High reactivity “soft-burned” lime product (“calcine”) required in the mill's chemical recovery circuit is also produced, and steam and heated boiler feed-water is generated and exported to the mill's steam distribution and generation system as well as hot process water for use in the mill's boiler house and manufacturing operation.

Abstract: Help functionality is described for integrating help information into a primary application in a just-in-time fashion. The help functionality can perform this task by providing a see-through panel which is presented on top of an application interface provided by the primary application. A user can move a mark on the see-through panel to identify features of the application interface concerning which he or she may have questions. The help functionality responds by presenting potentially context-sensitive help information to the user in audio mode and/or visual mode. If the visual mode is selected, the help functionality can present the help information on the see-through panel itself, and/or can dynamically move parts of the application interface to accommodate the display of the help information. The help functionality can supply the help information from a local source and/or a remote source, in an automated manner and/or a manual manner (e.g., using a remote human assistant).

Abstract: A system and method for low impact backup. In one embodiment, a method may comprise monitoring utilization of a system resource and a data management process selectively performing I/O operations dependent upon the monitored utilization of the system resource. The data management process may include functionality to backup desired data from a storage medium to a backup medium. In one particular implementation, the I/O operations may be allowed to be performed in response to the utilization of the system resource falling below a predetermined threshold. In another embodiment a method may comprise performing a plurality of I/O operations to complete a data management process executed by an application. The application separates said plurality of I/O operations with intermittent delays to achieve time-slicing of the data management process with respect to one or more other applications.

Abstract: A graphical user interface (GUI) is presented on a display including a parent window and a number of child windows rendered within the parent window according to a display scheme. When the size of one of the child windows is changed, the size of one or more of the other child windows is changed, so that the display scheme is maintained.

Abstract: A computer system may include a display and a user interface selection device. The computer system may display a first set of data associated with a first index of a data store in a first frame, and may receive a first selection signal indicative of the user interface selection device selecting a first item of the first set of data. In response to the first selection signal, the computer system may retrieve a second set of data from the data store associated with a second index of the data store, the second set of data being associated with the first item. The computer system may display the second set of data in a second frame distinct from the first frame.

Abstract: Help functionality is described for integrating help information into a primary application in a just-in-time fashion. The help functionality can perform this task by providing a see-through panel which is presented on top of an application interface provided by the primary application. A user can move a mark on the see-through panel to identify features of the application interface concerning which he or she may have questions. The help functionality responds by presenting potentially context-sensitive help information to the user in audio mode and/or visual mode. If the visual mode is selected, the help functionality can present the help information on the see-through panel itself, and/or can dynamically move parts of the application interface to accommodate the display of the help information. The help functionality can supply the help information from a local source and/or a remote source, in an automated manner and/or a manual manner (e.g., using a remote human assistant).