Abstract: A multiple cell radiation detector includes a central cell having a first cylindrical wall providing a stopping power less than an upper threshold; an anode wire suspended along a cylindrical axis of the central cell; a second cell having a second cylindrical wall providing a stopping power greater than a lower threshold, the second cylindrical wall being mounted coaxially outside of the first cylindrical wall; a first end cap forming a gas-tight seal at first ends of the first and second cylindrical walls; a second end cap forming a gas-tight seal at second ends of the first and second cylindrical walls; and a first group of anode wires suspended between the first and second cylindrical walls.

Abstract: A tool having a generally horizontal U shaped shaft, the upper portion thereof having a handle attached thereto, and the lower portion of said shaft ending with an upwardly curved blade which tapers to a thin, sharp edge slightly forward of two side tines which are upwardly curved in an arc similar to that of the blade except that said arc turns conversely near the vertices of said side tines so as to form convergences wherein the blade and the side tines, jointly, can engage, grip, and lift a staple from its embedment. An adjustable leverage means is mounted on the lower portion of said shaft so as to provide lift as required to extract staples of various sizes from their embedments.