Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for making carbonated beverages in which water is mixed with a syrup and the resulting mixture is carbonated and filled into containers in a filling line, the improvement is the following:a sample of beverage is continuously removed before the beverage is filled into containers and then the sample is passed into a cell of a photometric analyzer and the concentration of syrup is photometrically measured which generates a signal; the signal is fed to a process controller which compares the signal to a signal stored in the controller having been generated by the photometric analyzer of an analysis of a sample of a standard beverage containing a predetermined level of syrup concentration and precisely determines the deviation of syrup concentration of the sample from the standard; a trim amount of water is added to the beverage to control the syrup concentration of the beverage to the concentration level of the standard; and the beverage is passed through a static-in-line mixer t

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for photometrically analyzing the hydrogen sulfide concentration in a stream containing at least a first predetermined concentration of bonded hydrogen sulfide-amines and ultraviolet radiation-absorbing impurities is characterized by isolating a first, reference, sample of the stream and removing the hydrogen sulfide from the reference sample until a second, lower, predetermined concentration remains. Thereafter, the first, reference, sample is photometrically analyzed and a reference signal representative of the ultraviolet radiation-absorbing characteristics of the first, reference, sample is produced. The reference signal is thereafter used in the photometric analysis of a second sample to produce a signal representative only of the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the second sample.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for photometrically analyzing a stream under test containing both chlorine and chlorine dioxide is characterized by heating a portion of the stream to decompose any chlorine dioxide therein into elemental chlorine. This heated portion of the stream is photometrically analyzed to determine the concentration of chlorine produced by the decomposition of chlorine dioxide, taking into account the concomitant dilution produced thereby.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for detecting total reduced sulfur in a sample gas, comprising the steps of: introducing sample gas into a sample cell, passing detecting radiation of a wavelength between about 250 and about 330 nm. through the sample gas, detecting the intensity of the detecting radiation passing through the sample gas, introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the cell to form a gas mixture with a sample gas, heating the gas mixture to a temperature above about 200.degree.C., passing the detecting radiation through the heated gas mixture in the cell, and detecting the intensity of the detecting radiation passing through the gas mixture. The difference between the intensity of the detecting radiation passing through the gas mixture and that passing through the sample gas alone is indicative of the total reduced sulfur content of the sample gas. An apparatus to practice the above method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process and apparatus for quantitatively determining the amount of hexavalent chromium (CR.sup..sup.+6) in a process stream by comparing the optical density of the process stream with a reference sample produced by reducing Cr.sup..sup.+6 to Cr.sup..sup.+3 by contacting it with a sulfur dioxide reducing agent.