Abstract: A flow battery relies on slurry-type electrode in which particles may be selectively and temporarily plated (relative to a solid/standard electrode). Owing to the comparatively viscous nature of the slurry, specific accommodations for the electrolyte flowpaths must be made, thereby eliminating problematic reaction areas across certain facings of the solid electrode that might otherwise impede slurry flow and/or degrade performance of the battery. Methods of operating such a battery, storing electrical energy, and other related processes are also contemplated.

Abstract: A composite membrane for use in flow batteries is contemplated. The membrane comprises a hydrogel, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), applied to a polymeric microporous film substrate. This composite is interposed between two half cells of a flow battery. The resulting membrane and system, as well as corresponding methods for making the membrane and making and operating the system itself, provide unexpectedly good performance at a significant cost advantage over currently known systems.

Abstract: A battery system comprising a sealed aqueous flow battery that employs a passive, in-tank electrolyte recombination system. The recombination system allows for electrolyte stabilization in batteries where hydrogen evolution may occur as a side reaction without the need to use any externally-supplied rebalancing reactants. The system is a passive system that does not require a control system, additional pumps, or pumping energy.

Abstract: A composite membrane for use in flow batteries is contemplated. The membrane comprises a hydrogel, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), applied to a polymeric microporous film substrate. This composite is interposed between two half cells of a flow battery. The resulting membrane and system, as well as corresponding methods for making the membrane and making and operating the system itself, provide unexpectedly good performance at a significant cost advantage over currently known systems.

Abstract: A composite membrane for use in flow batteries is contemplated. The membrane comprises a hydrogel, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), applied to a polymeric microporous film substrate. This composite is interposed between two half cells of a flow battery. The resulting membrane and system, as well as corresponding methods for making the membrane and making and operating the system itself, provide unexpectedly good performance at a significant cost advantage over currently known systems.

Abstract: A battery system comprising a sealed aqueous flow battery that employs a passive, in-tank electrolyte recombination system. The recombination system allows for electrolyte stabilization in batteries where hydrogen evolution may occur as a side reaction without the need to use any externally-supplied rebalancing reactants. The system is a passive system that does not require a control system, additional pumps, or pumping energy.

Abstract: A copper based redox flow cell. In one aspect, the present technology provides a copper based flow battery comprising a first half-cell comprising a first electrolyte providing a source of ions and an electrode disposed within the first half-cell, a second half-cell comprising a second electrolyte providing a source of Cu2+ and Cu+ ions and an electrode disposed within the second half-cell, a separator between the first and second half-cells.