Abstract: Various systems and methods of a layered tile insulation system of a space vehicle, configured to withstand vibration, high temperatures, and extreme thermal gradients, are disclosed. The layered tile insulation system can include at least one layered tile, each of the at least one layered tile including an outer layer having a first interlocking surface with a first set of interlocking features and an inner layer having a second interlocking surface with a second set of interlocking features, such that the outer layer is configured to be couple to the inner layer thereby forming a mechanical joint via the interlocking of the first interlocking surface with the second interlocking surface.

Abstract: A heliostat having a frame structure for supporting a mirror. The frame structure is pivotable about at least one axis of rotation. A liquid ballast system is mounted on a side of the frame structure that is remote from the reflective surface of the mirror. The liquid ballast system includes at least two tanks, and an imaginary line between the tanks extends at an angle or perpendicular to the axis of rotation. An arrangement is provided for moving ballast liquid between the tanks in an actively controlled manner.

Abstract: A heliostat having a frame structure for supporting a mirror. The frame structure is pivotable about at least one axis of rotation. A liquid ballast system is mounted on a side of the frame structure that is remote from the reflective surface of the mirror. The liquid ballast system includes at least two tanks, and an imaginary line between the tanks extends at an angle or perpendicular to the axis of rotation. An arrangement is provided for moving ballast liquid between the tanks in an actively controlled manner.