Abstract: In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a system for providing compliance functions in a business entity is provided. The system includes a computer-implemented compliance question-answer tool configured to receive compliance related questions from a plurality of users and, in response, provide compliance related advice to the users; a computer-implemented compliance knowledge database tool including a database of compliance related data and a user interface allowing the users to search the database of compliance related data; and a computer-implemented user feedback tool including a user interface allowing the users to provide compliance related feedback to the business entity. In some embodiments, the system may also include a whistleblower tool including a user interface allowing the users to report potential compliance violations and/or a compliance activity approval tool configured to document and track activities that require an approval by a compliance entity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new copper-catalysed photochemnical cyclisation process for the preparation of bicylic molecules useful as intermediates in the manufacture of drugs. In a preferred aspect, the process of the invention may be used to prepare 3-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of N,N′-carbonyldiazoles in a particularly advantageous manner by reacting corresponding azolide salts with phosgene in an aromatic compound or an ether as solvent. The azolide salts are preferably prepared by a novel process from an azole that is reacted with a compound of the formula M′R7 or MgR8Z′ in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of N,N′-carbonyldiazoles in a particularly advantageous manner by reacting corresponding azolide salts with phosgene in an aromatic compound or an ether as solvent. The azolide salts are preferably prepared by a novel process from an azole that is reacted with a compound of the formula M′R7 or MgR8Z′ in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of N,N′-carbonyldiazoles in a particularly advantageous manner by reacting corresponding azolide salts with phosgene in an aromatic compound or an ether as solvent. The azolide salts are preferably prepared by a novel process from an azole that is reacted with a compound of the formula M′R7 or MgR8Z′ in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: Methyl carbazate which is particularly pure and has a particularly low tendency toward discoloration is obtained from hydrazine and dimethyl carbonate if the two reactants are metered simultaneously into an initially introduced first solvent at from −20 to +30° C., the solvent and low-boiling components are then distilled off under reduced pressure, and then either a second solvent is added to the crude methyl carbazate present and this solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure or an inert gas is passed through the crude methyl carbazate present.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of N,N′-carbonyldiazoles in a particularly advantageous manner by reacting corresponding azolide salts with phosgene in an aromatic compound or an ether as solvent. The azolide salts are preferably prepared by a novel process from an azole that is reacted with a compound of the formula M′R7 or MgR8Z′ in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of N,N′-carbonyldiazoles by reacting azoles with phosgene in a solvent, whereby the azole and the phosgene are metered into an aromatic solvent dried by incipient distillation in such a way that in the time in which 1 mol of azole is metered in, from 0.17 to 0.34 mol of phosgene is metered in simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally substituted benzyl carbazates of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 independently represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino, nitro, halogen, hydroxyl, the group X-R.sup.3, wherein X represents O or S and R.sup.3 represents straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, the group COOR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, the group NR.sup.5 R.sup.6, wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted by straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl groups, andn is an integer from 0 to 5,by reacting a dialkyl carbonate with an optionally substituted benzyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, separating off the resulting reaction mixture from the catalyst, and subsequently reacting the separated reaction mixture with hydrazine hydrate.

Abstract: N-Unsubstituted 3-chlorobenzisothiazoles are obtained by reacting N-unsubstituted benzisothiazolones with phosgene in the presence of catalysts.

Abstract: A heating or cooling apparatus which is enclosed in a housing, having a compression heat pump and an absorption heat pump which are selectively drivable by an internal combustion engine (1) and an electric motor (6), is described. The housing is in the form of a double-walled heat storage means (17), with a heat carrier being stored between the inner and outer walls thereof. The internal combustion engine (1) is insulated from the working medium of the heat pump by the internal combustion engine (1) being enclosed in an engine enclosure (11).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introduction of a fluid or liquid medium into working or operating chamber of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. For the purpose and object of reduction of nitric oxide emission as well as for an improvement of the efficiency there is proposed with a method and apparatus for introduction of the fluid or liquid medium into the working or operating chamber of an internal combustion engine operated with gaseous fuels to admix the fluid continuously or intermittently as to the gaseous fuel and subsequently to blow-in the fuel or power gas/fluid or liquid mixture into the working or operating chamber of the internal combustion engine under the pressure of the fuel or power gas. Hereby there can be utilized or employed advantageously besides the water also alcohol and alcohol/water mixtures, which means media with bound OH-groups.