Abstract: A process for sequentially forming a plurality of enclosed containers (32) comprising a product, the process involving passing a continuous web (10), comprising a strip of container material having two opposing edges (4, 6), to a folding station (12), whereupon each open container is sequentially formed by folding the web, to bring into contact two contiguous edge portions (9a, 9b) from only one edge of the web, then sealing the two edges together to form a portion of the web into an open container, depositing the product onto the web so that it is held within the open containers, and then sealing the open containers to form the enclosed containers.

Abstract: Provided is a process for thermoforming a gas and liquid permeable layer of thermoplastic material (12, 32) having an average thickness of less than 0.50 mm, the process comprising the steps of bringing the layer into contact with a layer of deformable non-gas permeable material (10, 30) to form a separable laminate of the two materials, arranging for the thermoplastic material to be at a thermoformable temperature and thermoforming the separable laminate, thereby thermoforming the thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating goods and thereby detecting and deterring counterfeits are disclosed. According to one aspect of the invention, a client utilizes data received from a host to generate a plurality of security codes and to direct a printing device to print the plurality of security codes on a plurality of products, without retaining the plurality of security codes after the printing device has printed the plurality of security codes on the plurality of products. After the security codes have been printed, a person can communicate the security code to the host, which can verify its authenticity.

Abstract: A process for sequentially forming a plurality of enclosed containers (32) comprising a product, the process involving passing a continuous web (10), comprising a strip of container material having two opposing edges (4, 6), to a folding station (12), whereupon each open container is sequentially formed by folding the web, to bring into contact two contiguous edge portions (9a, 9b) from only one edge of the web, then sealing the two edges together to form a portion of the web into an open container, depositing the product onto the web so that it is held within the open containers, and then sealing the open containers to form the enclosed containers.

Abstract: There is described a container (1) for the accommodation of a contact lens during treatment process such as extraction and/or rinsing and/or coating processes, which comprises an elongated tubular body (2) having a sidewall (3) and at one longitudinal end thereof a bottom (4) which protrudes convexly towards the outside of the tubular body (2). At the opposite longitudinal end the tubular body (2) has an access opening (5). The bottom (4) is provided with a number of apertures (41, 42) which enable a free flow of a liquid into and out of the tubular body (2). A retaining element (6) is located inside the tubular body (2), which allows access of a transfer means into the tubular body (2) towards the bottom (4) thereof for insertion and removal of a contact lens, and enables a free rising of the liquid inside the tubular body (2), but prohibits the contact lens from being washed out of the tubular body (2).

Abstract: A client system receives a request for a set of unique security codes and also receives product data associated with a product on which the security codes are to be printed. The client sends at least some of the product data to a host system and receives a batch identifier from the host. The host stores received product data with the batch identifier. The client generates the set of security codes and then provides the codes to be printed on the product. After the products enter the stream of commerce, the host can receive an authentication request including a security code, and in response the host will verify that the security code is valid and return to the requestor the authentication result and at least part of the product data associated with the batch identifier.

Abstract: A client system receives a request for a set of unique security codes and also receives product data associated with a product on which the security codes are to be printed. The client sends at least some of the product data to a host system and receives a batch identifier from the host. The host stores received product data with the batch identifier. The client generates the set of security codes and then provides the codes to be printed on the product. After the products enter the stream of commerce, the host can receive an authentication request including a security code, and in response the host will verify that the security code is valid and return to the requestor the authentication result and at least part of the product data associated with the batch identifier.

Abstract: There is described a container (1) for the accommodation of a contact lens during treatment process such as extraction and/or rinsing and/or coating processes, which comprises an elongated tubular body (2) having a sidewall (3) and at one longitudinal end thereof a bottom (4) which protrudes convexly towards the outside of the tubular body (2). At the opposite longitudinal end the tubular body (2) has an access opening (5). The bottom (4) is provided with a number of apertures (41, 42) which enable a free flow of a liquid into and out of the tubular body (2). A retaining element (6) is located inside the tubular body (2), which allows access of a transfer means into the tubular body (2) towards the bottom (4) thereof for insertion and removal of a contact lens, and enables a free rising of the liquid inside the tubular body (2), but prohibits the contact lens from being washed out of the tubular body (2).

Abstract: A client system receives a request for a set of unique security codes and also receives product data associated with a product on which the security codes are to be printed. The client sends at least some of the product data to a host system and receives a batch identifier from the host. The host stores received product data with the batch identifier. The client generates the set of security codes and then provides the codes to be printed on the product. After the products enter the stream of commerce, the host can receive an authentication request including a security code, and in response the host will verify that the security code is valid and return to the requestor the authentication result and at least part of the product data associated with the batch identifier.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating goods and thereby detecting and deterring counterfeits are disclosed. According to one aspect of the invention, a client utilizes data received from a host to generate a plurality of security codes and to direct a printing device to print the plurality of security codes on a plurality of products, without retaining the plurality of security codes after the printing device has printed the plurality of security codes on the plurality of products. After the security codes have been printed, a person can communicate the security code to the host, which can verify its authenticity.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating goods and thereby detecting and deterring counterfeits are disclosed. According to one aspect of the invention, a client utilizes data received from a host to generate a plurality of security codes and to direct a printing device to print the plurality of security codes on a plurality of products, without retaining the plurality of security codes after the printing device has printed the plurality of security codes on the plurality of products. After the security codes have been printed, a person can communicate the security code to the host, which can verify its authenticity.

Abstract: An ohmic heater comprises at least two electrodes contained within a vessel such that the electrodes lie along the length of the vessel. The vessel has inlet and outlet ports in the top and bottom through which a fluid to be heated flows, passing through the vessel along the length of the vessel. The electrodes are equally spaced about the axis of the vessel and when in use, are each connected to a single phase of a power supply, such that the total voltage at any point in time at the electrodes is near or at a neutral potential of the electric power supply. Electrically conductive guard rings are positioned around the inner periphery of the inlet and outlet ports of the vessel and are connected to the neutral potential of the electric power supply by electrical connectors. A leakage current monitor is interposed between guard rings and the neutral potential to enable current leakage from said heater to be monitored.

Abstract: Liquid metal electrical contact compositions are disclosed. Compositions of this invention consist of a metal mixture of first and second Periodic Table Group III metals and a lubricant. A gallium/indium metal mixture is preferred. Preferred lubricants are metal-based, most preferably molybdenum-based. The liquid metal electrical contact compositions are particularly useful for high current density applications.

Abstract: An ohmic heating apparatus for heating flowable media which is flowing through a conduit comprises electrodes exposed to the flowing media and supply means connected to the electrodes and to the media to pass a heating current through the flowable media. The electrodes are made of a material of closed microporosity having a resistance to surface fouling. The material of closed microporosity is preferably made of vitreous carbon.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for heating an electrically conductive flowable medium includes a pipe having a conductivity no greater than that of the medium and a pair of electrodes projecting in a cantilever fashion into the pipe at spaced locations therealong and each having a noble metal plated surface exposed to the flowable medium. Each electrode is sealed to the wall of the pipe with a flat-faced aspetic seal formed between a flat end face of the elctrode and a cooperating flat face on the pipe wall. The electrodes may be hollow, fluid cooled and have a rounded free end made of an electrically non-conducting material on which is mounted a temperature or pressure sensor. The exposed electrode surface may be partially coated with an electrically insulative material to confine heating current flow to a particular surface portion of the electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating an electrically conductive fluid ohmically by passing an electric current through the fluid between electrodes spaced along a pipe through which the fluid flows. The pipe has an electrically insulating internal liner and is cooled, e.g. by cooling water flowing through a cooling jacket between inner and outer skins of the pipe. The inner skin supports the liner and is perforated to allow intimate cooling of the liner. The cooling prevents heating of the fluid in a layer immediately adjacent the internal liner to such a temperature that the medium would foul the liner.

Abstract: A compressor for a heat pump using a condensible gas as a working fluid has a lubricant temperature controller comprising a heater for the lubricant in the sump, the heater being controlled by differential pressure responsive means comprising the vapor pressure above the lubricant in the sump with a pressure obtained from a sensor bulb in the sump oil, the bulb containing a solution, in a lubricant of a refrigerant, the refrigerant preferably being the same as the working fluid of the heat pump.

Abstract: In a vehicle retarder system having a retarder with discs working in oil which is continuously circulated by a pump, a tapping is taken from the oil circuit upstream of a variable but never wholly closed valve to supply oil to an actuator of the retarder. When retardation is required, the valve is partly closed to increase the pressure in the tapping and so to actuate the retarder, while the flow of cooling oil through the retarder continues.