Abstract: A fill level sensor for detecting a level of a fill medium in a container includes a generator having a feed line, an antenna, a supply and a controller. The generator generates electromagnetic waves having a resonant frequency and outputs the electromagnetic waves via the feed line having a line impedance with a line impedance value. The supply is arranged between the feed line and the antenna and transmits the electromagnetic waves from the feed line to the antenna. The supply has a resonant circuit. The resonant circuit and the antenna together have a resonant input impedance in the transmission direction. The resonant circuit transforms the resonant input impedance at the resonant frequency into a real impedance having a predetermined resonant impedance value. The antenna has an antenna resonant frequency different from the resonant frequency.

Abstract: A method for determining the fill level of a medium involves continuous wave radar measurement and a corresponding fill level measuring device. A coded transmit signal is emitted by a transmitter, reflected at the medium, and received by a receiver as a reflection signal. The reflection signal and a signal derived from the transmit signal are subjected to a correlation analysis, and a correlation outcome results. A control and evaluation unit determines the time offset of the correlated signals with the correlation outcome, and uses it to determine the fill level of the medium. The reflection signal and the derived signal are mixed with the analog mixer into a mixer output signal that is sampled and quantized to a digital mixer output signal. The correlator has a digital integrator with which a sequence of digital mixer output signals is digitally integrated into the correlation outcome.

Abstract: A fill level sensor for detecting a level of a fill medium in a container includes a generator having a feed line, an antenna, a supply and a controller. The generator generates electromagnetic waves having a resonant frequency and outputs the electromagnetic waves via the feed line having a line impedance with a line impedance value. The supply is arranged between the feed line and the antenna and transmits the electromagnetic waves from the feed line to the antenna. The supply has a resonant circuit. The resonant circuit and the antenna together have a resonant input impedance in the transmission direction. The resonant circuit transforms the resonant input impedance at the resonant frequency into a real impedance having a predetermined resonant impedance value. The antenna has an antenna resonant frequency different from the resonant frequency.

Abstract: A fill level switch for determining a level limit of a medium in a container, has a sensor unit having an antenna unit, a process window for protecting the sensor unit and for connection to a container wall, an electronic unit and a sensor housing. The antenna unit has at least a first emitting element for emitting a first electromagnetic transmission signal, at least a feed line, at least a reference surface having a reference potential and at least a dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer is arranged between the reference surface and the emitting element. An aperture coupling is provided via which the emitting element is fed by the feed line during operation. The reference surface has an opening for passage of the electromagnetic transmission signal, and the first emitting element is arranged such that it has direct contact with the medium during operation.

Abstract: A fill level switch arrangement (1) for determining the fill level of a medium (2) in a container (3) and a method for determining the fill level of a medium (2) in a container (3) using a fill level switch arrangement (1). The fill level switch arrangement (1) has at least one alarm threshold that can be implemented in a simplified manner due to the fill level switch arrangement (1) having a transmitting element (4) and a receiving element (5), wherein the transmitting element (4) is used for transmitting a radio signal and is operatively connected to the receiving element (4), wherein the receiving element (5) is configured to detect radio signals, and wherein the receiving element (5) is configured such that it generates and transmits a switching signal in the event of a change in the received radio signal caused by the medium (2).

Abstract: A method for determining the fill level of a medium involves continuous wave radar measurement and a corresponding fill level measuring device. A coded transmit signal is emitted by a transmitter, reflected at the medium, and received by a receiver as a reflection signal. The reflection signal and a signal derived from the transmit signal are subjected to a correlation analysis, and a correlation outcome results. A control and evaluation unit determines the time offset of the correlated signals with the correlation outcome, and uses it to determine the fill level of the medium. The reflection signal and the derived signal are mixed with the analog mixer into a mixer output signal that is sampled and quantized to a digital mixer output signal. The correlator has a digital integrator with which a sequence of digital mixer output signals is digitally integrated into the correlation outcome.

Abstract: A fill level switch for determining a level limit of a medium in a container, has a sensor unit having an antenna unit, a process window for protecting the sensor unit and for connection to a container wall, an electronic unit and a sensor housing. The antenna unit has at least a first emitting element for emitting a first electromagnetic transmission signal, at least a feed line, at least a reference surface having a reference potential and at least a dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer is arranged between the reference surface and the emitting element. an aperture coupling is provided via which the emitting element is fed by the feed line during operation. The reference surface has an opening for passage of the electromagnetic transmission signal, and the first emitting element is arranged such that it has direct contact with the medium during operation.

Abstract: A fill level switch arrangement (1) for determining the fill level of a medium (2) in a container (3) and a method for determining the fill level of a medium (2) in a container (3) using a fill level switch arrangement (1). The fill level switch arrangement (1) has at least one alarm threshold that can be implemented in a simplified manner due to the fill level switch arrangement (1) having a transmitting element (4) and a receiving element (5), wherein the transmitting element (4) is used for transmitting a radio signal and is operatively connected to the receiving element (4), wherein the receiving element (5) is configured to detect radio signals, and wherein the receiving element (5) is configured such that it generates and transmits a switching signal in the event of a change in the received radio signal caused by the medium (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the density of a plasma by determining an impulse response to a high-frequency signal coupled into a plasma. The density, electron temperature and/or collision frequency as a function of the impulse response can be determined. A probe having a probe head and a probe shaft can be introduced into the plasma, wherein the probe shaft is connected to a signal generator for electrically coupling a high-frequency signal into the probe head. The probe core is enclosed by the jacket and has at its surface mutually insulated electrode areas of opposite polarity. A balun is arranged at the transition between the probe head and an electrically unbalanced high-frequency signal feed to convert electrically unbalanced signals into balanced signals.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer for generating a low noise and low jitter timebase of a reference signal generates first and second output signals a difference frequency that is low enough for use in sub-scanning is implemented with a first incrementer, having a preset increment and a preset end value E1 controlling a first fractional divider and a second incrementer having a preset increment and a present end value E2 controlling a second fractional divider, wherein each of the incrementers is clocked from the output signal of each fractional divider so that, when the end value E1, E2 is reached, an end signal is output and the incrementers are reset to a carryover value as a new starting value and the end signal is switched between the division factors of the fractional dividers so that the switching sequence of the end signal is periodic with the output signals of the fractional dividers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the density of a plasma by determining an impulse response to a high-frequency signal coupled into a plasma. The density, electron temperature and/or collision frequency as a function of the impulse response can be determined. A probe having a probe head and a probe shaft can be introduced into the plasma, wherein the probe shaft is connected to a signal generator for electrically coupling a high-frequency signal into the probe head. The probe core is enclosed by the jacket and has at its surface mutually insulated electrode areas of opposite polarity. A balun is arranged at the transition between the probe head and an electrically unbalanced high-frequency signal feed to convert electrically unbalanced signals into balanced signals.