Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a device includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and having instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform operations including: obtaining primitive data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object based on information of the plurality of primitives, the information of the plurality of primitives comprising respective primitive identifiers of the plurality of primitives; for each primitive of the plurality of primitives, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each of a plurality of display elements of a display based on primitive data of the primitive; and for each of the plurality of display elements of the display, generating a sum of the EM field contributions of the plurality of primitives to the display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method of manipulating data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object includes: for each of a plurality of vertices of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective vertex identifier of the vertex with respective vertex data of the vertex, and storing the association between the respective vertex identifier and the respective vertex data of the vertex in a memory; and for each of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective primitive identifier of the primitive with one or more respective vertex identifiers of one or more vertices of the primitive in the memory, and storing an association between the respective primitive identifier and the one or more respective vertex identifiers for the primitive in the memory.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, an optical device includes: an optical guiding device configured to guide light to propagate along a first direction within the optical guiding device; an in-coupling diffractive structure configured to diffract the light to propagate in the optical guiding device; and out-coupling diffractive structures configured to diffract at least part of the light out of the optical guiding device along a second direction different from the first direction. The out-coupling diffractive structures are configured to have gradually increased diffraction efficiencies for the light along the first direction away from the in-coupling diffractive structure.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes: a display having a plurality of display elements and a driving device coupled to the driving device and configured to: obtain a hologram for the display, wherein the hologram comprises, for each display element of the plurality of display elements, a respective sum of electromagnetic (EM) field contributions of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object to the display element; and generate, for each display element of the plurality of display elements, a respective modulation control signal based on the respective sum of EM field contributions of the plurality of primitives to the display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method of manipulating data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object includes: for each of a plurality of vertices of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective vertex identifier of the vertex with respective vertex data of the vertex, and storing the association between the respective vertex identifier and the respective vertex data of the vertex in a memory; and for each of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective primitive identifier of the primitive with one or more respective vertex identifiers of one or more vertices of the primitive in the memory, and storing an association between the respective primitive identifier and the one or more respective vertex identifiers for the primitive in the memory.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: A method includes, responsive to first input, actuating a first plurality of valves of a solar board to be in an open position to provide cold water via a first manifold mounted to the solar board to first equipment and to receive hot water from the first equipment. The method further includes, responsive to second input, actuating a second plurality of valves of the solar board to be in the open position to provide the cold water via the first manifold and a second manifold mounted to the solar board to second equipment and to receive the hot water from the second equipment.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, methods, and kits for detection of Entamoeba nucleic acids. Some embodiments relate to detection of E. histolytica but not E. dispar. Some embodiments relate to quantification of levels of E. histolytica.

Abstract: A protein-fortified frozen dessert formulation and the process for making it are described. In particular, a sweet mix of 10-20% w/w sugar, 0-10% w/w flavouring, 0-20% w/w fat, 10-15% w/w milk solids, 0-11% w/w protein and 50-65% w/w water is prepared, preheated, pasteurized, homogenized and aged. The aged sweet-mix is then blended with yogurt and optionally more protein prior to freezing. Alternatively, a mix of 10-20% w/w sugar, 0-10% w/w flavouring, 0-20% w/w fat, 10-15% w/w milk solids, 5-15% w/w protein, 5-20% yogurt and 50-65% w/w water is prepared, preheated, pasteurized, homogenize and aged and frozen to a low target overrun.

Abstract: A cryogenic fluid jet is used in an apparatus and a method for remote cooling of a cutting tool engaged in machining a workpiece under high-energy conditions, such as high-speed machining, hard-turning, cutting of difficult to machine materials, and combinations thereof. The apparatus and method use a stabilized, free-expanding cryogenic fluid jet having a pulse cycle time less than or equal to about 10 seconds. The apparatus and method increase the cleanliness of machined parts and chips and machining productivity of hard but brittle tools, including but not limited to tools which should not be cooled with conventional cooling fluids.

Abstract: An animal collar has a band with an inner layer and an outer layer. A pair of screws extend through and protrude from the outer layer for securing to a control unit that supplies an electrical signal upon the occurrence of a selected event. A pair of conductive leads extends from the screws in opposite directions between the inner and outer layers. A threaded receptacle is located at the electrode end of each lead. An electrode extends through a hole in the inner layer and engages the threaded receptacle.