Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-step process for producing HAN that is free of ammonium nitrate. The process comprises the steps of: (a) stripping ammonia from an ammonia-containing, aqueous hydroxylamine solution having a hydroxylamine concentration of at least 10% by weight based upon the weight of the hydroxylamine solution, by contacting the ammonia-containing hydroxylamine solution with a stripping agent selected from the group consisting of inert gases and steam to provide an ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution, and (b) reacting the ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution with aqueous nitric acid having an acid concentration of at least about 0.1%, preferably at least about 20%, based upon the weight of the aqueous nitric acid, to produce ammonium nitrate-free HAN. In another process embodiment of the invention, the above-described ammonia stripping step is not required, and the hydroxylamine concentration is at least about 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-step process for producing HAN that is free of ammonium nitrate. The process comprises the steps of: (a) stripping ammonia from an ammonia-containing, aqueous hydroxylamine solution having a hydroxylamine concentration of at least 10% by weight based upon the weight of the hydroxylamine solution, by contacting the ammonia-containing hydroxylamine solution with a stripping agent selected from the group consisting of inert gases and steam to provide an ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution, and (b) reacting the ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution with aqueous nitric acid having an acid concentration of at least about 0.1%, preferably at least about 20%, based upon the weight of the aqueous nitric acid, to produce ammonium nitrate-free HAN. In another process embodiment of the invention, the above-described ammonia stripping step is not required, and the hydroxylamine concentration is at least about 0.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate is produced in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and at least one ion exchange compartment between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, in a process which comprises:a) feeding an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate to the ion exchange compartment,b) passing hydrogen and alkali metal ions from the anode compartment through a cation exchange membrane into the ion exchange compartment, wherein the hydrogen ions displace alkali metal ions to produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate,c) passing alkali metal ions from the ion exchange compartment into the cathode compartment,d) electrolyzing the aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate in the anode compartment to produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid, alkali metal chlorate, hydrogen ions and perchlorate ions as a minor constituent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a terminal pin for electronic circuitry. The terminal pin includes an axial passageway. Various processes for electrically connecting the pin to the circuit are provided. The processes include riveting, welding and soldering. The axial passageway aids in the control of metal deformation to improve the bond between the pin and the circuitry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying an aromatic nitration product mixture comprising a nitrated aromatic compound, water, and nitric or sulfuric acid which comprises without regard to sequence: (a) removing at least a portion of said water from said product mixture by contacting and reacting said water in said mixture with magnesium nitrate trihydrate to form magnesium nitrate pentahydrate or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and removing said magnesium nitrate pentahydrate or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate from said nitrated aromatic compound in said product mixture, and (b) removing at least a portion of said acid from said product mixture by contacting and reacting said acid with an ionic or non-ionic absorbent to form a reacted absorbent and removing said reacted absorbent from said nitrated aromatic compound in said product mixture.

Abstract: Concentrated solutions of inorganic hydroxylammonium salts can safely be produced in a process for concentrating a dilute solution of an inorganic hydroxylammonium salt by contact with a membrane having a sorption side and a desorption side. The process comprises contacting the dilute solution with the sorption side of a membrane, which is substantially permeable to the solvent and substantially impermeable to the solute of the solution, to sorb the solvent and permit the solvent to flow through the membrane to the desorption side. Desorbing the solvent from the desorption side of the membrane.Highly concentrated aqueous solutions of hydroxylammonium salts which are heat sensitive are produced by the novel process of the invention which does not require directly heating the solution and is substantially free of hazards.