Abstract: Histamine derivatives, immunogen conjugates comprising histamine or said histamine derivatives coupled to immunogenic carrier materials and antibodies prepared against such immunogen conjugates are disclosed. Such antibodies are useful in immunoassays for determining histamine release in biological fluids.

Abstract: Optical indicator chalcogen (selenide or sulfide) compounds responsive to oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, and a method for using such indicators. Upon oxidation the resulting intermediate undergoes spontaneous elimination of the chalcogen residue to yield a signal compound which provides an optical signal such as fluorescence. Preferred fluorogenic indicator compounds are 3-chalcogen-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives and 3-chalcogen-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone derivatives. Such indicator compounds provide highly fluorescent products upon oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and are useful in analytical systems which generate hydrogen peroxide in response to the analyte under determination.

Abstract: Optical indicator chalcogen (selenide or sulfide) compounds responsive to oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, and methods for preparing and using such indicators. Upon oxidation the resulting intermediate undergoes spontaneous elimination of the chalcogen residue to yield a signal compound which provides an optical signal such as fluorescence. Preferred fluorogenic indicator compounds are 3-chalcogen-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives and 3-chalcogen-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone derivatives. Such indicator compounds provide highly fluorescent products upon oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and are useful in analytical systems which generate hydrogen peroxide in response to the analyte under determination.

Abstract: Enzyme-labeled antibody reagents wherein the enzyme and an antibody reagent, e.g., whole polyclonal or monoclonal antibody or a fragment thereof, are covalently linked through a bis-maleimidopolyalkyleneglycol bridge group. The reagents are useful in immunoassay and other methods for detecting an antigen or hapten that can be bound by the antibody reagent. The conjugates are highly stable and water soluble, and are characterized by a high degree of immunoreactivity and enzyme activity.

Abstract: Procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) immunogens, antibodies prepared therefrom, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining the respective drugs. The immunogens comprise the drugs coupled at the .alpha.-position of the amide side chain to an immunogenic carrier material. The labeled conjugates and synthetic intermediates similarly are .alpha.-position derivatives of the drugs or precursors thereof. The antibodies and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring the respective drugs in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Fluorogenic indicator compounds responsive to the presence of hydrogen peroxide and methods and test compositions for determining hydrogen peroxide in a test sample. Preferred indicator compounds are 3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives and 3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone derivatives, especially those having a dialkylamino group at the 7-position. Such particularly preferred compounds are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, cyano, or --COOR.sup.6, --CONHR.sup.6 or --CON(R.sup.6).sub.2 where R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are lower alkyl; and Y is .dbd.0 or .dbd.N--R.sup.5 where R.sup.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl. The indicator compounds yield highly fluorescent products upon oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a peroxidatively active substance and are useful in analytical systems which generate hydrogen peroxide in response to an analyte under determination in a test sample.

Abstract: Optical indicator chalcogen (selenide or sulfide) compounds responsive to oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, and methods for preparing and using such indicators. Upon oxidation the resulting intermediate undergoes spontaneous elimination of the chalcogen residue to yield a signal compound which provides an optical signal such as fluorescence. Preferred fluorogenic indicator compounds are 3-chalcogen-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives and 3-chalcogen-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone derivatives. Such indicator compounds provide highly fluorescent products upon oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and are useful in analytical systems which generate hydrogen peroxide in response to the analyte under determination.

Abstract: Procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) immunogens, antibodies prepared therefrom, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining the respective drugs. The immunogens comprise the drugs coupled at the .alpha.-position of the amide side chain to an immunogenic carrier material. The labeled conjugates and synthetic intermediates similarly are .alpha.-position derivatives of the drugs or precursors thereof. The antibodies and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring the respective drugs in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Immunogens for preparing antibodies against the drug lidocaine and related compounds, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining lidocaine and such related compounds. The immunogens comprise lidocaine or an analog thereof coupled through one of the aromatic methyl groups to a conventional immunogenic carrier. The antibodies and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring lidocaine or its analogs in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Disopyramide immunogens, antibodies prepared therefrom, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining disopyramide. The immunogens comprise disopyramide coupled by an ether linkage at a selected singular position on its phenyl ring to an immunogenic carrier material. Likewise, the labeled conjugates and synthetic intermediates are phenyl ether derivatives of disopyramide or precursors thereof. The antibody and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring disopyramide in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Immunoassay method and reagent means for determining theophylline in biological fluids such as serum. The antibody employed in the method is prepared from an immunogen comprising theophylline coupled at its 9-position to an immunogenic carrier material.

Abstract: Fluorogenic indicator compounds responsive to the presence of hydrogen peroxide and methods and test compositions for determining hydrogen peroxide in a test sample. Preferred indicator compounds are 3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives and 3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone derivatives, especially those having a dialkylamino group at the 7-position. Such particularly preferred compounds are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, cyano, or --COOR.sup.6, --CONHR.sup.6 or --CON(R.sup.6).sub.2 where R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are lower alkyl; and Y is .dbd.O or .dbd.N--R.sup.5 where R.sup.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl. The indicator compounds yield highly fluorescent products upon oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a peroxidatively active substance and are useful in analytical systems which generate hydrogen peroxide in response to an analyte under determination in a test sample.

Abstract: Theophylline immunogens, antibodies prepared therefrom, labeled theophylline conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining theophylline. The immunogens comprise theophylline coupled at its 9-position to an immunogenic carrier material. Likewise, the labeled conjugates and synthetic intermediates are 9-position derivatives of theophylline or synthetic precursors thereof. The antibody and labeled reagents are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring theophylline in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Tricyclic antidepressant drug (e.g., imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, or nortriptyline) immunogens, antibodies prepared therefrom, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining such drug. The immunogens comprise the drug coupled at its 2'-position to an immunogenic carrier material. Similarly, the labeled conjugates and synthetic intermediates are 2'-derivatives of the drug or a precursor thereof. The antibodies and labeled reagents are particularly useful in certain homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring tricyclic antidepressant drugs in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Immunogen conjugates comprising amino-functionalized haptens coupled through a carbonyl bridge to amino groups in immunogenic proteins and polypeptides. The resulting simple urea linkage in the conjugate is hydrophilic and contributes essentially no haptenic determinants. The immunogen is characterized by a high epitopic density. The method involves reaction of the hapten with a carbonyl diimidazole followed by addition of the protein or polypeptide carrier. Protein crosslinking problems common to prior art coupling methods are avoided.

Abstract: A propranolol immunogen comprising an unsubstituted hydroxypropylamine precursor of propranolol coupled through a bis-imidate linking group to an immunogenic carrier material. The immunogen is useful to stimulate the production of antibodies which recognize propranolol and can perform as reagents in immunoassays to determine propranolol.

Abstract: Intermediates in the preparation of 9-position derivatives of theophylline useful in synthesizing theophylline immunogens and labeled conjugates. The labeled conjugates and the antibodies produced against the immunogens are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassay for measuring theophylline in biological fluids such as serum.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent-labeled conjugates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 ; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or straight chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.4 isL(CO--HN--CH.sub.2).sub.nwherein n=2-8 and L(CO)-- is a hapten bound through an amide bond. The labeled conjugates are useful as reagents in specific binding assays for determining haptens or their specific binding partners in liquid media.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent-labeled conjugates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or straight chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms, n=2-6 and L(CO-- is a specifically bindable ligand, such as an antigenic protein or polypeptide, a hapten or an antibody, or a binding analog thereof, bound through an amide bond; and intermediates produced in the synthesis of such conjugates. The labeled conjugates are useful as reagents in specific binding assays for determining ligands or their specific binding partners in liquid media.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent-labeled conjugates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 ; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or straight chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.4 isL(CO)--HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.nwherein n=2-8 and L(CO)-- is an antigenic protein or polypeptide bound through an amide bond. The labeled conjugates are useful as reagents in specific binding assays for determining antigenic proteins or polypeptides, or their binding partners, in liquid media.