Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for the electrochemical deposition of graphitic carbon from molten carbonate salts onto either mild steel or graphite electrodes. The carbon deposition methods disclosed herein allows for rapid formation of a deposit layer, with growth rate tunable by applied potential.

Abstract: A substantially carbon-free, molten electrolytic method and system for production of silicon with a purity of greater than approximately 95%. The process of the present disclosure is substantially carbon free (meaning little to no carbon dioxide (CO2) is released as a result of the process). The process utilizes an anode which evolves oxygen, not CO2. Silica may then be generated at the cathode, generating the desired product, silicon, as well as oxide (O2?) ions. In the process these O2? ions may react with a substantially inert anode to evolve oxygen (O2).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method that includes converting a solid containing iron and a second element to a liquid having a first phase and a second phase and separating the first phase from the second phase, where the converting includes contacting the liquid with a carbon source using an electrochemical reactor, such that the first phase comprises Fe3C, and the second phase includes substantially all of the second element originally present in the solid.