Abstract: A pre-splitter module for conditioning optical signals in an access network. The pre-splitter is operable to condition the optical signals received from an optical fiber amplifier into a plurality of waveguides. A plurality of splitters are coupled to the waveguides emanating from the pre-splitter. Each splitter is operable to condition the optical signal that it receives into a second plurality of waveguides. In an exemplary embodiment, the optical transmission system includes a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) array coupled to the splitter and another source. At least one access waveguide is associated with the WDM array for multiplexing two optical signals of different wavelengths. The access waveguide is in turn coupled to an optical network unit.

Abstract: Photochemical tissue bonding methods include the application of a photosensitizer to a tissue, e.g., cornea, followed by irradiation with electromagnetic energy to produce a tissue seal. The methods are useful for wound repair, or other tissue repair.

Abstract: Photochemical tissue bonding methods include the application of a photosensitizer to a tissue, e.g., cornea, followed by irradiation with electromagnetic energy to produce a tissue seal. The methods are useful for wound repair, or other tissue repair.