Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engine (40) lubrication system and lubrication oil heating strategy uses a solenoid actuated electric oil pump (10,42) to deliver lubrication oil to the engine from a lubrication oil reservoir (12,44) by energizing and de-energizing the solenoid (18) to operate a pump mechanism of the electric oil pump. A controller (ECU) (100) can control operation of the electric oil pump, the solenoid maintained energized for a required period of time to cause heating of the oil without continuously pumping the oil. An electric oil pump control strategy can maintain engine speed dependent minimum oil delivery rates, can heat the electric oil pump and oil through extended energized (ON) time of the solenoid, and, by varying the turn on time of the electronic oil pump based on sensed ambient temperature, long time periods can be used to ensure oil delivery for cold temperatures, and shorter times are permitted when necessary in order to reach maximum oil flow rate.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engine (40) lubrication system and lubrication oil heating strategy uses a solenoid actuated electric oil pump (10,42) to deliver lubrication oil to the engine from a lubrication oil reservoir (12,44) by energising and de-energising the solenoid (18) to operate a pump mechanism of the electric oil pump. A controller (ECU) (100) can control operation of the electric oil pump, the solenoid maintained energised for a required period of time to cause heating of the oil without continuously pumping the oil. An electric oil pump control strategy can maintain engine speed dependent minimum oil delivery rates, can heat the electric oil pump and oil through extended energised (ON) time of the solenoid, and, by varying the turn on time of the electronic oil pump based on sensed ambient temperature, long time periods can be used to ensure oil delivery for cold temperatures, and shorter times are permitted when necessary in order to reach maximum oil flow rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector nozzle through which fluid is delivered and which has a port (17) having an internal surface and a valve member (13) having a complementary external surface. The valve member (13) is movable relative to the port (17) to respectively provide a passage between the internal and external surfaces for delivery of fluid in the form of a spray. Alternatively, sealed contact of the surfaces will prevent the delivery of fluid. The nozzle includes a flow control body (30) located beyond an extremity of the port (17). The flow control body (30) has a control surface (33) arranged downstream of the port (17) in the direction of movement of the valve member (13). The control surface (33) is configured and positioned to promote the fluid spray established by the fluid issuing from the port (17) to in part follow a path determined by the shape of the control surface (33).

Abstract: An injector nozzle for a fuel injected internal combustion engine, said injector nozzle including a port (5) having an internal valve seat surface (15) and a valve member (13) having an external seating surface (17), said valve member being movable relative to the port to respectively provide a passage between the valve seat surface and the external seating surface for the delivery of fuel therethrough or sealed contact therebetween to prevent said delivery of fuel, the port further including an outer port surface (16) surrounding and located adjacent the valve seat surface and external to the port, wherein the angle between the valve seat surface and the outer port surface of the port is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: An injector nozzle for a fuel injected internal combustion engine, said injector nozzle including a port (5) having a valve seat surface (15) and a valve member (3) having a seating surface (17), said valve member (3) being movable relative to the port (5) to respectively provide a nozzle passage (6) between the valve seat surface (15) and the seating surface (15) for the delivery of fuel therethrough or sealed contact therebetween to prevent said delivery of fuel, the valve member (3) including an outer valve surface (18) located adjacent the seating surface and external to the port, wherein a sharp edge (25) is provided on the valve member (3) at the transition between the seating surface (17) and the outer valve surface (18) thereby for controlling the formation of deposits at or adjacent an exit of the nozzle passage (6).

Abstract: An injector nozzle for a fuel injected internal combustion engine, said injector nozzle including a port (5) having a valve seat surface (15) and a valve member (3) having a seating surface (17), said valve member (3) being movable relative to the port (5) to respectively provide a nozzle passage (6) between the valve seat surface (15) and the seating surface (15) for the delivery of fuel therethrough or sealed contact therebetween to prevent said delivery of fuel, the valve member (3) including an outer valve surface (18) located adjacent the seating surface and external to the port, wherein a sharp edge (25) is provided on the valve member (3) at the transition between the seating surface (17) and the outer valve surface (18) thereby for controlling the formation of deposits at or adjacent an exit of the nozzle passage (6).

Abstract: An injector nozzle for a fuel injected internal combustion engine, said injector nozzle including a port (5) having an internal valve seat surface (15) and a valve member (13) having an external seating surface (17), said valve member being movable relative to the port to respectively provide a passage between the valve seat surface and the external seating surface for the delivery of fuel therethrough or sealed contact therebetween to prevent said delivery of fuel, the port further including an outer port surface (16) surrounding and located adjacent the valve seat surface and external to the port, wherein the angle between the valve seat surface and the outer port surface of the port is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: Disclosed is an injector nozzle through which fluid is delivered and which has a port (17) having an internal surface and a valve member (13) having a complementary external surface. The valve member (13) is movable relative to the port (17) to respectively provide a passage between the internal and external surfaces for delivery of fluid in the form of a spray. Alternatively, sealed contact of the surfaces will prevent the delivery of fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal combustion engine (20) having a combustion chamber (36), a pre-combustion chamber (38) communicating with the combustion chamber (36), injection means (70) located and arranged to periodically deliver controlled amounts of fuel and air into the pre-combustion chamber (38) in a manner and orientation to direct a fuel spray to pass through the pre-combustion chamber (38) into the combustion chamber (36), and ignition means (63) positioned relative to the pre-combustion chamber (38) and operably arranged to ignite the fuel spray.