Abstract: An iron-air battery including an iron electrode in contact with an anode current collector, wherein the iron electrode includes a plurality of channels; an oxygen reduction reaction electrode having a first surface facing the plurality of channels and an opposing second surface in contact with air; an oxygen evolution reaction electrode interdigitated with the plurality of channels of the iron electrode, wherein at least a portion of the oxygen evolution reaction electrode is disposed within the plurality of channels in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode; and an electrolyte in contact with the iron electrode, the first surface of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode, the plurality of channels, and the oxygen evolution reaction electrode.

Abstract: According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a vessel, at least two instances of an anode assembly, at least two instances of an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In the vessel, the GDE may be disposed between mirrored arrangements of the at least two instances of the OEE and the at least two instances of the anode assembly.

Abstract: Iron electrode materials, iron electrodes, and methods for fabricating said iron electrode materials and iron electrodes via elevated temperature thermomechanical processing of porous particulate iron materials are described. For example, as part of iron electrode manufacture, a particulate iron material into an apparatus may be provided. In addition, pressure and/or heat may be applied to the particulate iron material in the apparatus for a time period to form an electrode having therein conductive connections between particles of the particulate iron material.