Abstract: A method is provided for operating a fractional quantum Hall apparatus including a set of interferometers, each having a cell and a set of gate electrodes located around the cell. The method includes calibrating each one of the interferometers to confine a droplet of a 2D charge carrier gas in a fractional quantum Hall effect state of filling factor 17/5 or 12/5, while a reentrant phase of integer quantum Hall effect states of the 2D charge carrier gas is located between the area of the droplet in a fractional quantum Hall effect state and the interferometer electrodes. The calibrating includes setting a value of a magnetic field across the apparatus such that the reentrant phase and the droplet of the 2D charge carrier gas are present in at least one of the interferometers based on interference measurements on at least one of the interferometers for different values of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A qubit memory cell having a thin, optically transparent, metal surface gate that laterally fits into the corresponding region of the memory cell, while not being in direct contact with the perimeter of the region. The surface gate may have apertures to accommodate therein the dot-like control electrodes of the qubit and enable the corresponding electrical overpass bridges to be connected to those dot-like control electrodes. The thickness of the surface gate may be selected such as to let a substantial portion of light impinging thereupon penetrate to the underlying surface of the substrate. In at least some embodiments, the electrical-interconnect structure of the memory cell may be designed to enable separate electrical biasing of the surface gate, e.g., independent of the electrical biasing of some other electrodes of the memory cell. Advantageously, such a surface gate may significantly reduce detrimental clumping of charge carriers in the memory cell.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a fractional quantum Hall apparatus including a set of interferometers, each having a cell and a set of gate electrodes located around the cell. The method includes calibrating each one of the interferometers to confine a droplet of a 2D charge carrier gas in a fractional quantum Hall effect state of filling factor 17/5 or 12/5, while a reentrant phase of integer quantum Hall effect states of the 2D charge carrier gas is located between the area of the droplet in a fractional quantum Hall effect state and the interferometer electrodes. The calibrating includes setting a value of a magnetic field across the apparatus such that the reentrant phase and the droplet of the 2D charge carrier gas are present in at least one of the interferometers based on interference measurements on at least one of the interferometers for different values of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A qubit memory cell having a thin, optically transparent, metal surface gate that laterally fits into the corresponding region of the memory cell, while not being in direct contact with the perimeter of the region. The surface gate may have apertures to accommodate therein the dot-like control electrodes of the qubit and enable the corresponding electrical overpass bridges to be connected to those dot-like control electrodes. The thickness of the surface gate may be selected such as to let a substantial portion of light impinging thereupon penetrate to the underlying surface of the substrate. In at least some embodiments, the electrical-interconnect structure of the memory cell may be designed to enable separate electrical biasing of the surface gate, e.g., independent of the electrical biasing of some other electrodes of the memory cell. Advantageously, such a surface gate may significantly reduce detrimental clumping of charge carriers in the memory cell.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for locating entities in a compartmented area, including a plurality of sensors devices distributed throughout a plurality of compartments of an area, respectively, and configured to locate entities within each of the compartments of the area; a counting device configured to count a number of the located entities within each of the compartments of the area based on information gathered by the sensors devices; and a display device configured to display the located entries within each of the compartments of the area based on information gathered by the counting device.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for requesting help and providing feedback, including a user mobile device, a database, and a service provider device coupled over a communications network. The user mobile device includes a user application that contacts the database and transmits a location of the user mobile device, information regarding the mobile device user, and a service provider name the over the communications network. The database receives the transmitted information from the user mobile device over the communications network. The database, based on the information received from the user mobile device, transmits the location of the user mobile device, and the user information to the service provider device over the communications network. The service provider device includes a service provider application that receives the transmitted information from the database, and displays on the service provider device the user mobile device location, and the user information.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for locating entities in a compartmented area, including a plurality of sensors devices distributed throughout a plurality of compartments of an area, respectively, and configured to locate entities within each of the compartments of the area; a counting device configured to count a number of the located entities within each of the compartments of the area based on information gathered by the sensors devices; and a display device configured to display the located entries within each of the compartments of the area based on information gathered by the counting device.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for requesting help and providing feedback, including a user mobile device, a database, and a service provider device coupled over a communications network. The user mobile device includes a user application that contacts the database and transmits a location of the user mobile device, information regarding the mobile device user, and a service provider name the over the communications network. The database receives the transmitted information from the user mobile device over the communications network. The database, based on the information received from the user mobile device, transmits the location of the user mobile device, and the user information to the service provider device over the communications network. The service provider device includes a service provider application that receives the transmitted information from the database, and displays on the service provider device the user mobile device location, and the user information.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising a surface site layer including a substantially inorganic surface having a chemical composition selected from a group consisting of metals, semiconductors, insulators, and mixtures thereof, the surface positioned within a polypeptide bonding region and having a selective bonding affinity for a polypeptide; a plurality of interlayers between which the surface site layer is interposed; a distal site end on the surface site layer, the distal site end being distanced from the interlayers, the surface being provided on the distal site end; the surface site layer and the interlayers being interposed between first and second supports; first and second conductors provided on the first and second supports and having respective first and second distal conductor ends positioned within the polypeptide bonding region; the conductors being capable of applying an external voltage potential across the polypeptide bonding region.