Abstract: This disclosure describes a method for producing high-performance layered-element electrostrictive or piezoelectric actuators, and the resulting product. The process calls for steps that minimize decreases of the stack stiffness which usually characterize layered wafer actuators. These include making the wafers flat and parallel, using a referred wafer metalization process that does not affect wafer surface roughness, and using stock-bonding epoxies with viscosities which readily permit the bonding agent to "wick" into the interface areas of the wafer/electrode stacks thereby to minimize the bond agent thickness.

Abstract: Wide temperature range magnetic bubble memories are realized by using new compositions of rare earth garnets which require nonlinear bias field for operation over a given temperature range. The bias field structure for providing the corresponding nonlinear bias field includes plates of barium ferrite plus additional plates of Ni-Cu alloys and/or polycrystalline dysprosium (or other rare earths, singly or in combination) iron garnet to provide a nonlinear bias field versus temperature characteristic to match that of the bubble layer.