Abstract: A process for treating mixtures containing polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons, intended for transalkylation processes, includes a mild reduction with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst. The process also relates to a transalkylation process of polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons having the treatment.

Abstract: A process for production of sugars from biomass derived from guayule plants includes placing a certain amount of the biomass in contact with a certain amount of water and with at least one organic acid. The sugars thus obtained may advantageously be used as sources of carbon in fermentation processes for the production of alcohols, lipids, diols, or in chemical synthesis processes for the production of other intermediates or chemicals.

Abstract: A process for treating mixtures containing polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons, intended for transalkylation processes, includes a mild reduction with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst. The process also relates to a transalkylation process of polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons having the treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from alcohols by means of catalytic dehydration. More in particular, the present invention relates to a process for producing at least one olefin by dehydrating at least one alcohol having a number of carbon atoms comprised between 2 and 6, preferably comprised between 2 and 4, more preferably at least one alcohol having a number of carbon atoms of 3, even more preferably 2-propanol, in the presence of a catalytic material comprising at least one large pore zeolite in acid form, or predominantly acid form, preferably selected from the group consisting of zeolites having BEA structure, MTW structure and mixtures thereof, and preferably at least one inorganic binder, more preferably alumina. Preferably, the olefin has the same number of carbon atoms as the starting alcohol. Furthermore, preferably the olefin does not contain conjugated double bonds and more preferably the olefin is a mono-olefin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing olefins from alcohols by means of catalytic dehydration. More in particular, the present invention relates to a process for producing at least one olefin by dehydrating at least one alcohol having a number of carbon atoms comprised between 2 and 6, preferably comprised between 2 and 4, more preferably at least one alcohol having a number of carbon atoms of 3, even more preferably 2-propanol, in the presence of a catalytic material comprising at least one large pore zeolite in acid form, or predominantly acid form, preferably selected from the group consisting of zeolites having BEA structure, MTW structure and mixtures thereof, and preferably at least one inorganic binder, more preferably alumina. Preferably, the olefin has the same number of carbon atoms as the starting alcohol. Furthermore, preferably the olefin does not contain conjugated double bonds and more preferably the olefin is a mono-olefin.

Abstract: Process for the production of sugars from biomass derived from guayule plants comprising placing an amount of said biomass (G2) (g) in contact with an amount of water (G1) (g) and with at least one organic acid, and optionally at least one inorganic acid, obtaining a mixture, said at least one organic acid and said at least one inorganic acid optionally present being used in such amounts that the total moles of said at least one organic acid and said at least one inorganic acid optionally present (mTOT) contained in said mixture are calculated according to the following equation (1): mTOT=m1+m2 ??(1) wherein m1 and m2 are defined according to the following equations (2) and (3), respectively: m1=R1·G1 ??(2) m2=R2·G2 ??(3) wherein: R1 (mmol/g) is the ratio between a first amount of said at least one organic acid (mmol) and a first amount of said at least one inorganic acid (mmol) optionally present and the amount of water G1 (g) used, R1 being between 0.06 mmol/g and 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new catalytic composition for the alkylation of aromatic compounds with alcohols, or mixtures of alcohols and corresponding olefins, wherein said composition comprises a zeolite of the MTW type and is characterized in that it contains one or more alkaline metals in a total quantity which is less than or equal to 0.02% by weight. The use of said catalyst in the alkylation of aromatic compounds with alcohols, in particular benzene with isopropanol or ethanol, allows the formation, as by-product, of the aldehyde or ketone corresponding to the alcohol used, to be minimized: the formation of reaction by-products of said aldehydes or ketones having a boiling point very close to that of polyalkylation products, is therefore significantly reduced. This provides a considerable advantage in the subsequent transalkylation step for the recovery of said polyalkylates by transformation into the corresponding monoalkylates.

Abstract: Process for the production of a diene, preferably a conjugated diene, more preferably 1,3-butadiene, comprising the dehydration of at least one alkenol in the presence of at least one catalytic material comprising at least one acid catalyst based on silica (SiO2) and alumina (AI2O3), preferably a silica-alumina (SiO2-AI2O3), said catalyst having a content of alumina (AI2O3) lower than or equal to 12% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the catalyst. Preferably, said alkenol can be obtained directly from biosynthesis processes, or through the catalytic dehydration of at least one diol, preferably a butanediol, more preferably 1,3-butanediol, even more preferably bio-1,3-butanediol, deriving from biosynthesis processes. Preferably, said 1,3-butadiene is bio-1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: Process for the production of a diene, preferably a conjugated diene, more preferably 1,3-butadiene, comprising the dehydration of at least one alkenol in the presence of at least one catalytic material comprising at least one acid catalyst based on silica (SiO2) and alumina (AI2O3), preferably a silica-alumina (SiO2-AI2O3), said catalyst having a content of alumina (AI2O3) lower than or equal to 12% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the catalyst. Preferably, said alkenol can be obtained directly from biosynthesis processes, or through the catalytic dehydration of at least one diol, preferably a butanediol, more preferably 1,3-butanediol, even more preferably bio-1,3-butanediol, deriving from biosynthesis processes. Preferably, said 1,3-butadiene is bio-1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode comprising a conductive material and characterised by the fact of containing a porous crosslinked layer of metal particles, said metal particles being fused between them by a part of their outer surface, still leaving the remaining portion of the outer surface free, said particles being characterised in that they contain one or more metals selected from platinum, palladium, gold and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new catalytic composition for the alkylation of aromatic compounds with alcohols, or mixtures of alcohols and corresponding olefins, wherein said composition comprises a zeolite of the MTW type and is characterized in that it contains one or more alkaline metals in a total quantity which is less than or equal to 0.02% by weight. The use of said catalyst in the alkylation of aromatic compounds with alcohols, in particular benzene with isopropanol or ethanol, allows the formation, as by-product, of the aldehyde or ketone corresponding to the alcohol used, to be minimized: the formation of reaction by-products of said aldehydes or ketones having a boiling point very close to that of polyalkylation products, is therefore significantly reduced. This provides a considerable advantage in the subsequent transalkylation step for the recovery of said polyalkylates by transformation into the corresponding monoalkylates.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of lignin to liquid hydrocarbons comprising: (1) hydrogenolyzing a lignin in the presence of at least one hydrogenolysis catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 250° C. to 350° C., preferably ranging from 290° C. to 320° C., to obtain depolymerized lignin; and (2) hydrodeoxygenating said depolymerized lignin in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenating catalyst to obtain a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. The resultant liquid hydrocarbons can be used as such (biofuels) for the production of reformulated gasolines, or they can be used for the production of gasolines or oils by conventional refining processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylbenzene which comprises: a reaction step in which benzene is reacted with ethanol, or a mixture of ethanol and ethylene, at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, preferably in gaseous phase or in mixed gas-liquid phase, in the presence of a catalytic system containing a zeolite belonging to the BEA family, and a separation step of the product obtained. According to a preferred aspect, ethanol deriving from biomasses is used, in particular ethanol obtained from the fermentation of sugars deriving from biomasses.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of lignin to liquid hydro-carbons comprising: subjecting the lignin to hydrogenolysis in the presence of at least one hydrogenolysis catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 250° C. to 350° C., preferably ranging from 290° C. to 320 ° C., so as to obtain depolymerized lignin; subjecting said depolymerized lignin to hydrotreating so as to obtain a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. Said liquid hydrocarbons can be used as such (biofuels) for the production of reformulated gasolines, or they can be used for the production of gasolines or of gas oils through conventional refining processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylbenzene which comprises: a reaction step in which benzene is reacted with ethanol, or a mixture of ethanol and ethylene, at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, preferably in gaseous phase or in mixed gas-liquid phase, in the presence of a catalytic system containing a zeolite belonging to the BEA family, and a separation step of the product obtained. According to a preferred aspect, ethanol deriving from biomasses is used, in particular ethanol obtained from the fermentation of sugars deriving from biomasses.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of phenol by the hydrodeoxygenation of polyhydroxylated benzene derivatives or by the selective hydroxylation of benzene under depletive conditions, characterized in that the above-mentioned reactions are carried out in the presence of a catalyst based on multi component metal oxides comprising at least one metal selected from the groups VB, VIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IVA, VA.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of phenol by the hydrodeoxygenation of polyhydroxylated benzene derivatives or by the selective hydroxylation of benzene under depletive conditions, characterized in that the above-mentioned reactions are carried out in the presence of a catalyst based on multi component metal oxides comprising at least one metal selected from the groups VB, VIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IVA, VA.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of phenol by the hydrodeoxygenation of polyhydroxylated benzene derivatives or by the selective hydroxylation of benzene under depletive conditions, characterized in that the above-mentioned reactions are carried out in the presence of a catalyst based on multi component metal oxides comprising at least one metal selected from the groups VB, VIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IVA, VA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of zeolitic catalysts of the MFI type in spheroidal form. The process consists in emulsifying and consolidating in paraffinic hydrocarbons, in the presence of a non-ionic surface-active agent or a suitable combination of a non-ionic surface-active agent and a cationic surface-active agent, a dispersion of particles of zeolitic material of the MFI type in a silica sol.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of phenol by the hydrodeoxygenation of polyhydroxylated benzene derivatives or by the selective hydroxylation of benzene under depletive conditions, characterized in that the above-mentioned reactions are carried out in the presence of a catalyst based on multi component metal oxides comprising at least one metal selected from the groups VB, VIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IVA, VA.