Abstract: This dynamic protection device is particularly intended for integrated circuits having input MOS stages and logic or analog inputs fed by voltages and/or currents whose value can increase above those bearable with traditional protection systems. The device is composed of a first section for protection against voltages above a first set threshold value and a second protection section against voltages below a set threshold value. The device is made in MOS technology and is disposed between the input of the circuit to be protected and the power supply.

Abstract: An integrated structure composed of a processing unit (CPU), ROM memory, RAM memory and other optional functions, such as input/output etc., is arranged as a microcomputer, in which all or part of the RAM is a non-volatile memory which carries out during normal operation all the functions of a RAM while also being able, through suitable circuit structures, to store in a permanent (non-volatile) way the data contained therein, retaining the data when the power feed to the circuit is cut off, and recalling the same data at power turn-on.The structure provides for the handling of the non-volatile memory in its different functions, and its arrangement and compatibility with the processing unit, through suitable circuitry and control signals.