Abstract: In digital pathology, obtaining a labeled data set for training, testing and/or validation of a machine learning model is expensive, because it requires manual annotations from a pathologist. In some cases, it can be difficult for the pathologist to produce correct annotations. The present invention allows the creation of labeled data sets using fluorescent dyes, which do not affect the appearance of the slide in the brightfield imaging modality. It thus becomes possible to add correct annotations to a brightfield slide without human intervention.

Abstract: The present invention concerns detection of specific tissue objects within thin sections of tissue samples as imaged in a brightfield microscope, such as a predetermined type of immune cells, without using a chromogenic stain that is specific to those tissue objects. The invention uses fluorescent stain and fluorescence imaging to detect these tissue objects. By combining a brightfield and a fluorescence image of the same tissue sample, it is possible to automatically identify objects in the brightfield image that have been stained for in the fluorescence image. The fluorescence stain does not affect the appearance of the tissue sample under the brightfield microscope. Therefore, the invention is ideal to automate the collection of training data for machine learning systems that are to be trained to detect these specific tissue objects in brightfield images of tissue that has not been stained to specifically highlight these tissue objects.

Abstract: Two subsets of Islet Cell Autoantibodies (ICA), termed restricted and non-restricted, have been identified. The expression of non-restricted ICA correlates with progression to type I diabetes, indicating that these individuals are at much greater risk than are individuals expressing restricted ICA. Differentiation between restricted or non-restricted ICA allows for more accurate prognosis of the development of type I diabetes. Restricted ICA react with beta cells of human and rat islets but not mouse, whereas non-restricted ICA react with humans rat and mouse islets. Restricted ICA can be substantially completely absorbed by incubation with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), whereas non-restricted ICA are partially or not at all absorbed by GAD. Restricted ICA react in a Stiff-Man Syndrome fashion including staining GABAergic neurons in brain sections and western blots of brain extracts, whereas non-restricted ICA does not react with either brain sections nor with GAD antigen in western blots.