Abstract: A reusable printing plate for recess or relief printing. The reusable printing plate features a number of adjacent printing cells, each of which can be independently alternated between a printing mode and a non-printing mode. In the printing mode the printing cell acquires a configuration for receiving and retaining a printing substance. In the non-printing mode the printing cell acquires a configuration which does not receive and retain the printing substance.

Abstract: A radiation valve includes a transparent substrate and at least one opaque flexible planar member, rigidly attached to the substrate, that alternately assumes a closed orientation relative to the substrate to block the radiation and an open orientation relative to the substrate to pass the radiation. Preferably, the valve includes two parallel electrically conducting planar members that are perpendicular to the substrate when the valve is open. The valve is closed by imposing a voltage difference on the two planar members to snap their tops together. An array of such valves can be controlled to modulate the radiation temporally and spatially, for applications such as flat panel displays.