Abstract: An optical element and associated methods for generating an optical element and apparatus comprising the optical element, wherein the optical element comprises a first surface (10), a second surface (15), and a side wall structure (25) between the first and second surfaces. The side wall structure has an internally reflecting profile such that optical radiation incident on the first surface at an angle less than or equal to an acceptance angle and then incident on the side wall structure is internally reflected to the second surface by the side wall structure. In a first cross section of the optical element, the side wall structure has a first internally reflecting profile and/or the first surface has a first cross sectional profile.

Abstract: An image display system comprises a camera presence detector for detecting presence of a rear-view camera mounted on a towed unit connected to a towing vehicle, an image display format controller coupled to the camera presence detector, and a rear-view mirror assembly including an image display apparatus. The image display format controller enables a first display mode when the camera presence detector detects the towed unit rear-view camera and enables a second display mode when the camera presence detector fails to detect presence of the towed unit rear-view camera. An image output device of the image display apparatus underlies a central portion of an image display apparatus viewing substrate at a rear surface thereof. An image outputted is viewable through the central portion when the first display mode is implemented. The central portion can provide reflected rear-view imaging utility when the second display mode is implemented.

Abstract: An optical element and associated methods for generating an optical element and apparatus comprising the optical element, wherein the optical element comprises a first surface (10), a second surface (15), and a side wall structure (25) between the first and second surfaces. The side wall structure has an internally reflecting profile such that optical radiation incident on the first surface at an angle less than or equal to an acceptance angle and then incident on the side wall structure is internally reflected to the second surface by the side wall structure. In a first cross section of the optical element, the side wall structure has a first internally reflecting profile and/or the first surface has a first cross sectional profile.

Abstract: An image display system comprises a camera presence detector for detecting presence of a rear-view camera mounted on a towed unit connected to a towing vehicle, an image display format controller coupled to the camera presence detector, and a rear-view mirror assembly including an image display apparatus. The image display format controller enables a first display mode when the camera presence detector detects the towed unit rear-view camera and enables a second display mode when the camera presence detector fails to detect presence of the towed unit rear-view camera. An image output device of the image display apparatus underlies a central portion of an image display apparatus viewing substrate at a rear surface thereof. An image outputted is viewable through the central portion when the first display mode is implemented. The central portion can provide reflected rear-view imaging utility when the second display mode is implemented.

Abstract: A concentrator having a first surface, a second surface, and a concentrating surface disposed between the first surface and the second surface, the concentrating surface having a first profile which effects concentration of incident radiation at the first surface on to the second surface.

Abstract: An automatic machine for dosing water and dental alginate is disclosed. The machine comprises a pressurized water container and a dental alginate container. In the automatic machine, a predetermined amount of each of those substances is transported from its respective container to a dosing point. During operation of the automatic machine, dental alginate is moved inside the alginate container with the purpose of bringing down residues of alginate adhered to the internal walls of the alginate container. In addition, the automatic machine comprises a control unit with a memory that stores dosing programs, this memory may be programmed in order to handle dental alginate of different manufactures.

Abstract: An automatic machine for dosing water and dental alginate is disclosed. The machine comprises a water container and a dental alginate container. In the automatic machine, a predetermined amount of each of those substances is transported from its respective container to a dosing point. During operation of the automatic machine, dental alginate is moved inside the alginate container with the purpose of homogenously distribute the alginate and bringing down residues of alginate adhered to the internal walls of the alginate container. In addition, the automatic machine comprises a control unit with a memory that stores dosing programs, this memory can be programmed in order to handle dental alginate supplied by different manufactures.

Abstract: An optical wireless communication receiver comprises a dielectric totally internally reflecting concentrator (DTIRC) (1) having a convexly curved receiving surface (2) for receiving incident radiation over a wide field-of-view and a concavely curved side surface (3) from which radiation passing through the receiving surface is totally internally reflected towards a detection surface (4). A narrowband optical filter (6) is provided for filtering the radiation before it reaches the detection surface (4), and a photodetector serves to detect the radiation reaching the detection surface (4) and to provide an electrical output signal indicative of the radiation detected. Such an arrangement offer higher concentration and allows the use of small photodetectors which reduces the capacitance and the cost and improves receiver sensitivity.

Abstract: A chuck centering tool for aligning a wafer chuck in an edge bead rinsing device is made from disk which is substantially the same size as a semiconductor wafer. A circular recess centered on the center of the disk is made in the underside of the tool. The recess is sized to receive the end of the wafer chuck. With the tool in the place of a wafer on a wafer transport system, the chuck can be aligned to enter the recess. Thereafter, the chuck is properly aligned with respect to wafers on the transport system.