Abstract: A type-II tunnel junction is disclosed that includes a p-doped AlGaInAs tunnel layer and a n-doped InP tunnel layer. Solar cells are further disclosed that incorporate the high bandgap type-II tunnel junction between photovoltaic subcells.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for layered bonded structures formed from reactive bonding between zinc metal and zinc peroxide are disclosed herein. In particular, the present disclosure teaches a layered bonded structure wherein two structures are bonded together with a layer including zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is formed through a method that includes processing the two structures by contacting the structures under pressure and applying heat to the structures to promote a reaction with zinc peroxide and zinc metal on one or both of the two structures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating components of a multilayer stack of electronic components are disclosed herein. The multilayer stack may include an electronic assembly, a substrate, and a sacrificial anode portion that is located between the electronic assembly and the substrate and that operatively attaches the electronic assembly to the substrate. The methods may include locating the multilayer stack within an electrically conductive fluid to form an electrochemical cell and generating a potential difference between a cathode portion of the electronic assembly and the sacrificial anode portion. The methods further may include separating the electronic assembly from the substrate by electrochemically oxidizing the sacrificial anode portion to dissolve the sacrificial anode portion within the electrically conductive solution.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for layered bonded structures formed from reactive bonding between zinc metal and zinc peroxide are disclosed herein. In particular, the present disclosure teaches a layered bonded structure wherein two structures are bonded together with a layer including zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is formed through a method that includes processing the two structures by contacting the structures under pressure and applying heat to the structures to promote a reaction with zinc peroxide and zinc metal on one or both of the two structures.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for layered bonded structures formed from reactive bonding between zinc metal and zinc peroxide are disclosed herein. In particular, the present disclosure teaches a layered bonded structure wherein two structures are bonded together with a layer including zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is formed through a method that includes processing the two structures by contacting the structures under pressure and applying heat to the structures to promote a reaction with zinc peroxide and zinc metal on one or both of the two structures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating components of a multilayer stack of electronic components are disclosed herein. The multilayer stack may include an electronic assembly, a substrate, and a sacrificial anode portion that is located between the electronic assembly and the substrate and that operatively attaches the electronic assembly to the substrate. The methods may include locating the multilayer stack within an electrically conductive fluid to form an electrochemical cell and generating a potential difference between a cathode portion of the electronic assembly and the sacrificial anode portion. The methods further may include separating the electronic assembly from the substrate by electrochemically oxidizing the sacrificial anode portion to dissolve the sacrificial anode portion within the electrically conductive solution.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating components of a multilayer stack of electronic components. The multilayer stack includes an electronic assembly, a substrate, and a sacrificial anode portion that is located between the electronic assembly and the substrate and that operatively attaches the electronic assembly to the substrate. The systems and methods may include locating the multilayer stack within an electrically conductive fluid to form an electrochemical cell. The systems and methods further may include generating a potential difference between a cathode portion of the electronic assembly and the sacrificial anode portion such that the cathode portion forms a cathode of the electrochemical cell and the sacrificial anode portion forms an anode of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for layered bonded structures formed from reactive bonding between zinc metal and zinc peroxide are disclosed herein. In particular, the present disclosure teaches a layered bonded structure wherein two structures are bonded together with a layer including zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is formed through a method that includes processing the two structures by contacting the structures under pressure and applying heat to the structures to promote a reaction with zinc peroxide and zinc metal on one or both of the two structures.

Abstract: A type-II tunnel junction is disclosed that includes a p-doped AlGaInAs tunnel layer and a n-doped InP tunnel layer. Solar cells are further disclosed that incorporate the high bandgap type-II tunnel junction between photovoltaic subcells.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a vacuum arc plasma source device using a low mass, compact inductive energy storage circuit powered by a low voltage DC supply acts as a vacuum arc plasma thruster. An inductor is charged through a switch, subsequently the switch is opened and a voltage spike of Ldi/dt is produced initiating plasma across a resistive path separating anode and cathode. The plasma is subsequently maintained by energy stored in the inductor. Plasma is produced from cathode material, which allows for any electrically conductive material to be used. A planar structure, a tubular structure, and a coaxial structure allow for consumption of cathode material feed and thereby long lifetime of the thruster for long durations of time.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a vacuum arc plasma source device using a low mass, compact inductive energy storage circuit powered by a low voltage DC supply acts as a vacuum arc plasma thruster. An inductor is charged through a switch, subsequently the switch is opened and a voltage spike of Ldi/dt is produced initiating plasma across a resistive path separating anode and cathode. The plasma is subsequently maintained by energy stored in the inductor. Plasma is produced from cathode material, which allows for any electrically conductive material to be used. A planar structure, a tubular structure, and a coaxial structure allow for consumption of cathode material feed and thereby long lifetime of the thruster for long durations of time.