Abstract: A spa water delivery system comprising a reciprocating pumping structure to pump water for reception in a spa zone; and driver structure, including a solenoid body element and a solenoid plunger element, the elements being relatively movable; at least one of the elements containing passage structure to receive water in communication with water to be pumped to the zone.

Abstract: An improved insulated cover for removable mounting onto a spa or hot tub or the like, wherein the cover is hinged to accommodate folding of the cover to a compact size and shape suitable for convenient shipment and/or storage. The cover comprises a foldable base including a pair of structural membranes formed from a relatively high tensile strength fabric and sewn together on a midline to define a central hinge, and secured together at their peripheries to defined a pair of pockets within which are mounted a pair of insulation panels of relatively stiff foam or the like. In some embodiments, a foldable frame ring formed in hinged or separable half sections may be mounted to the structural membranes at the peripheries thereof. A decorative top sheet is stretched over the foldable base, and a peripheral margin thereof is wrapped over the periphery of the base and radially constricted for retention thereon by a drawstring or the like.

Abstract: The method of providing a spa tub, and comprising providing a load-bearing tub side wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; the tub side wall provided to include at least two wall sections, spaced about the interior, the sections assembled end-to-end to form the side wall to extend in a loop, the sections consisting of synthetic resin; each section having inner and outer panels extending upright throughout the major upright extent of the side wall.

Abstract: The method of providing a spa tub, and comprising providing a load-bearing tub side wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; the tub side wall provided to include at least two wall sections, spaced about the interior, the sections assembled end-to-end to form the side wall to extend in a loop, and providing a flexible liner extending at the inner side of the side wall to contain the liquid.

Abstract: In the method of forming a spa tub, the steps that include providing a tub side wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; and providing a recess inwardly of the outer side of the tub side wall and below the top level of the side wall, to receive at least one of the following elements: edge extent of a flexible outer jacket for the side wall, the jacket extending below said recess; edge extent of a shoulder jacket that extends over the top of the side wall; edge extent of a tub top cover.

Abstract: Tub apparatus comprising a foamed, resiliently compressible, plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid, and ports extending through the side wall; a plastic pack having a cavity formed therein; a pump unit received in the cavity and protectively enclosed by the plastic pack; and tubular duct structure connected with the pump unit and extending from the cavity to the ports for circulating liquid between the tub interior and the pump unit.

Abstract: A quiet fluid passing apparatus comprising a fluid passing rotor comprising open porous structure extending along an annular path, the rotor forming passage means to pass fluid through the rotor open porous structure as the rotor rotates; said path having an inner circumference with diameter ID and an outer circumference with diameter OD, and wherein ##EQU1## The quiet, fluid-passing apparatus may include open porous structure in combination with structures, such as blades and honeycomb material, to form rotors capable of moving fluid in axial or radial directions.

Abstract: Tub apparatus comprising a foamed, resiliently compressible, plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid, and ports extending through the side wall; a plastic pack having a cavity formed therein; a pump unit received in the cavity and protectively enclosed by the plastic pack; and tubular duct structure connected with the pump unit and extending from the cavity to the ports for circulating liquid between the tub interior and the pump unit.

Abstract: A quiet fluid passing apparatus comprising a fluid passing rotor comprising open porous structure extending along an annular path, the rotor forming passage means to pass fluid through the rotor open porous structure as the rotor rotates; said path having an inner circumference with diameter ID and an outer circumference with diameter OD, and wherein ##EQU1## The quiet, fluid-passing apparatus may include open porous structure in combination with structures, such as blades and honeycomb material, to form rotors capable of moving fluid in axial or radial directions.

Abstract: Tub apparatus includes a foamed resiliently compressible plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner and characterized in that it resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior; and including ports extending through the side wall and liner for circulating liquid between the interior of the tub and the exterior thereof. The plastic wall is typically locally heat cored in situ and provided with elbow fittings having venturis for efficient water, and water and air flow.

Abstract: Tub apparatus includes a foamed resiliently compressible plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner and characterized in that it resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior; and including ports extending through the side wall and liner for circulating liquid between the interior of the tub and the exterior thereof. The plastic wall is typically locally heat cored in situ and provided with elbow fittings having venturis for efficient water, and water and air flow.

Abstract: Tub apparatus includes a foamed resiliently compressible plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid; a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner and characterized in that it resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior; and including ports extending through the side wall and liner for circulating liquid between the interior of the tub and the exterior thereof. The plastic wall is typically locally heat cored in situ and provided with elbow fittings having venturis for efficient water, and water and air flow.

Abstract: Tub apparatus including:(a) a foamed plastic tub wall having an inner side and an outer side, the tub having an interior to receive liquid,(b) a tensile liner adjacent the wall side, the liner comprising interwoven strips of pre-stretched plastic material characterized in that the liner resists outward expansion in response to loading exerted by liquid filled into the tub interior.

Abstract: A water supply and heating package, for a hot tub, spa, or pool comprising(a) a support,(b) water circulating structure carried by said support and including a pump and connections circulating water from and toward the interior of the hot tub, spa or pool,(c) said structure including an electric motor connected in driving relation with said pump, and including a shunt duct connected with said water circulating structure and located to receive heat generated by operation of said motor to heat a side stream of said water passing through said shunt duct.Also, the apparatus may include a foamed plastic sheet or sheets wound in a spiral to form multiple layers, and defining an insulative, upstanding side wall of a tub, and a bottom wall attached to the side wall.

Abstract: A highly efficient combustor/reactor for a thermophotovoltaic process is provided.It includes:(a) an insulated combustion chamber containing a combustion zone,(b) first and second beds of refractory particles exposed to that zone,(c) structure for supplying a first combustion reactant to that zone,(d) structure for flowing a second combustion reactant to the zone via one of the beds during time T.sub.1 and via the other of the beds during time T.sub.2,(e) structure for removing combustion products from the zone via the other of the beds during time T.sub.1, and via the one bed during time T.sub.2,(f) and thermophotovoltaic cell apparatus exposed to heat radiated from the zone.

Abstract: A quiet hair dryer comprises:(a) an air blowing rotor comprising open cell foam,(b) a motor connected in driving relation with the rotor, and(c) a housing to confine the rotor and forming air inlet and discharge passages to pass air to the rotor for passage through the rotor open cell foam as the rotor rotates, and to deliver the air from the rotor in a hair drying stream.

Abstract: A fluid detector device and method capable of detecting the presence of a first fluid such as a gas, which may be mixed with a second fluid, in an external atmosphere where the first fluid is a hydrocarbon gas such as methane or the like, mixed with air, a semi permeable membrane, which extends across an opening of a detection chamber is utilized. Air and the gas have different rates of permeability across the membrane causing a volume change in the chamber. A volume sensitive device signals the presence of the gas. A displaceable element is shiftable in response to the volumetric change in the chamber, allowing the change without significant pressure changes. A capacitive plate can be integral with a displaceable element so that capacitance varies with the change in volume caused by the presence of the gas.