Abstract: Methods for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome are disclosed. Light energy is applied externally to a patient at or near targeted areas including the lungs, the vagus nerve, and spinous process to stimulate different neurological pathways and reduce inflammation. The wavelength of the applied light ranges from about 400-700 nm, and in a preferred embodiment uses two wavelengths, 405 nm and 635 nm. The applied light energy can be applied in pulses or as a constant wave. The light energy is applied at dosages that cause no detectable temperature rise of the treated tissue and no macroscopically visible changes in tissue structure. Preferably the power is 500 mW or less. The light can be emitted from the same light emitter or from multiple emitters and is preferably laser light.