Abstract: A temperature controlled piping system has at least one pipe section having: an outer pipe; and an inner pipe generally concentric to the outer pipe for transporting temperature sensitive fluid therethrough, the outer and inner pipes forming therebetween at least one temperature control space; such that transmission of temperature controlled fluid through the temperature control space influences temperature of the temperature sensitive fluid flowing through the inner pipe.

Abstract: Insulated piping and methods of making and using insulated piping are disclosed herein. An insulated pipe according to one embodiment includes a plurality of elongate pipe sections. Each pipe section includes first and second ends, an inner pipe for transporting temperature sensitive fluids, an intermediate pipe extending around the inner pipe, and an outer pipe extending around the inner pipe and the intermediate pipe. The inner pipe is operatively coupled to the outer pipe to form an airtight insulation space between the inner and outer pipes, and the intermediate pipe segregates the airtight insulation space into a plurality of independent insulation spaces between the inner and outer pipes. At least one independent insulation space is radially inward of another independent insulation space.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions including a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser employ a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser at a locus, for example on a surface. The residue combats soils and/or undesired microorganisms at the locus.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions including a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser employ a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser at a locus, for example on a surface. The residue combats soils and/or undesired microorganisms at the locus.