Abstract: An additive for an alkaline zinc or zinc alloy electroplating bath medium, the additive comprising a random co-polymer comprising the reaction product of: (i) one or more di-tertiary amines including an amide or thioamide functional group, and (ii) optionally, one or more saturated second di-tertiary amines and/or one or more second di-tertiary amines including an unsaturated moiety, with (iii) one or more saturated or unsaturated linking agents capable of reacting with said di-tertiary amines (i) and (ii), provided that, where all the linking agents are saturated, an unsaturated di-tertiary amine must he present. Preferably, the polymer has the general formula n(2x+2y+zEp)j-.

Abstract: Pulse reverse electrolysis of acid copper solutions is used for applying copper to decorative articles, such as aluminium alloy automotive wheels and plastic parts for automotive use. The benefits include an improved thickness distribution of the copper electrodeposited on the plated article, reduced metal waste, reduced plating times and increased production capacity.

Abstract: An additive for an alkaline zinc or zinc alloy electroplating bath medium, the additive comprising a random co-polymer comprising the reaction product of: (vii) one or more di-tertiary amines including an amide or thioamide functional group, and (viii) optionally, one or more saturated second di-tertiary amines and/or one or more second di-tertiary amines including an unsaturated moiety, with (ix) one or more saturated or unsaturated linking agents capable of reacting with said di-tertiary amines (i) and (ii), provided that, where all the linking agents are saturated, an unsaturated di-tertiary amine must be present. Preferably, the polymer has the general formula n(2x+2y+zEp)j-.