Abstract: A system and method for generating a mask layout file to eliminate antenna effects in an integrated circuit are disclosed. The method includes analyzing a pattern in a mask layout file to identify a region including an antenna ratio less than a first design rule. A feature located in the identified region is moved based on a second design rule from a first position to a second position in the mask layout file. A grounding feature is placed in the space and automatically connected to a gate feature in the mask layout file such that the antenna ratio is increased to greater than or approximately equal to the first design rule.

Abstract: The invention relates to the X-ray crystal structure of a cathepsin S mutant. The invention further relates to an apparatus programmed with one or more of the structure coordinates of the cathepsin S binding pockets, wherein said apparatus is capable of displaying a three-dimensional representation of that binding pocket.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to crystals comprising at least part of the estrogen receptor &agr; (ER&agr;) ligand binding domain, optionally bound to a ligand. The present invention is also directed to ligands that bind to ER receptors, and method of designing them. The present invention is also directed to a homology model of the ER&bgr; receptor.

Abstract: The application relates to a crystal comprising at least 150 amino acid residues of the estrogen receptor-&bgr; (ER&bgr;) ligand binding domain complexed with a ligand which is an antagonist or a partial agonist.