Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining a blood sample in a test tube from a sealed container. The apparatus includes a main body having a cup-like portion with side walls and a bottom portion cooperating to define a central cavity for receiving the sealed container. The main body also includes provisions which enable mounting to the test tube so that the cup-like portion extends into the test tube. A piercing element is positioned within the cavity and has a tip capable of penetrating the sealed container when the container is inserted into the cavity so that an opening is formed in the container through which the blood sample can be obtained in the test tube.

Abstract: A new and improved flowcell comprises an interposed fluid pathway, coaxial with the light path of a fiber optic system and consisting of two or more units combined by means of intereference-fit joints which both accurately align the bores and seal against leakage. The joints are so fashioned that the flowcell may be quickly disassembled to permit cleaning or removal of lint fibers, crystals or other minute materials which typically deposit and obstruct both solution flow and light transmission. At each end of the fluid pathway, a short rod of a clear material of broad spectral transmissivity such as quartz, fused silica, sapphire, etc., acts as a fluid seal and window to the fluid pathway. Fluid enters and exits the pathway by means of ports located at right angles to the light path. The flowcell mounts on a holder.