Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer readable media, for registering a multichannel time series from data collected from a plurality of channels monitoring a body. Each channel corresponds to one or more sensors. The data from all channels is precise Fourier transformed to frequency data in a frequency domain. The frequency data is inverse Fourier transformed for each frequency in the frequency domain. Elementary coherent oscillations are determined from the inverse Fourier transformed frequency data. Partial spectra of the functional entities include frequencies with similar patterns from the elementary coherent oscillations. A functional tomogram of the body is calculated from the distribution in space of the energy and/or dominant directions of the sources, producing the partial spectra. The partial spectra is inverse Fourier transformed to reconstruct a time series for the functional entities.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer readable media, for registering a multichannel time series from data collected from a plurality of channels. Each channel corresponds to one of one or more sensors. A precise Fourier transform of the data from all channels is done to transform the data in a frequency domain. Frequencies from the frequency domain are selected. The selected frequencies from all channels are inverse Fourier transformed. A restored time is selected, and activity for the selected frequencies at the restored time is localized. Coherence for the selected frequencies is estimated and coherent components are extracted. Partial spectrum is assembled comprising frequencies with similar patterns of the coherent components. Inverse transform of the partial spectrum is used to reconstruct a time series for functional entities producing the similar patterns of the coherent components.

Abstract: A control system and method base on a model of a neurological structure such as the inferior olive of the brain. In one embodiment, individual inferior olive neurons are modeled in hardware, such as in an integrated circuit, and interconnected to form an artificial inferior olive. The artificial inferior olive thus formed can be used in a universal movement control system. An exemplary system for controlling the operation of a six-legged walker is described. The degree of coupling between neurons can be varied. A model is also provided which mimics the interaction between neurons of the inferior olive, the cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells via collateral axons. The model accurately describes the qualitative dynamics of cluster formation and spike-train generation in the olivo-cerebellar system. A universal control system (UCS) based on the olivo-cerebellar system is described.

Abstract: A system and method for interfacing a brain with a machine. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention employs a vascular approach in which one or more nano-electrodes are deployed in vasculature having a close geometric relationship with proximal innervation. Each nano-electrode is preferably deployed in a blood vessel so that its sensing end is at or near a nerve passing close to or intersecting the blood vessel. The sensing end of each nano-electrode is adapted so as to be carried along in the blood stream so as to position the sensing end at a desired point within the blood vessel. An array of nano-electrodes of varying lengths can be used to monitor multiple nerves or neurons along a blood vessel.

Abstract: The ocillatory dynamics of inferior olive (IO) neurons found in the olivo-cerebellar network of the brain are reproduced and applied to various control applications. An IO neuron model is provided which produces quasi-sinusoidal oscillations with a characteristic amplitude and frequency. Action potentials occur at the peaks of the oscillations and have precise timing properties. Stimuli applied to the IO neuron model show no changes in oscillation amplitude and frequency but do produce a shift of the oscillation phase, and hence a time shift of the corresponding action potentials. The resulting phase is defined by the strength of the stimulus and does not depend on when the stimulus is applied, thus providing a self-referential phase reset (SPR) effect. The oscillations of multiple IO neurons, or their models, coupled together tend to become organized in space and time in the form of oscillatory phase clusters.

Abstract: A control system and method base on a model of a neurological structure such as the inferior olive of the brain. In one embodiment, individual inferior olive neurons are modeled in hardware, such as in an integrated circuit, and interconnected to form an artificial inferior olive. The artificial inferior olive thus formed can be used in a universal movement control system. An exemplary system for controlling the operation of a six-legged walker is described. The degree of coupling between neurons can be varied. A model is also provided which mimics the interaction between neurons of the inferior olive, the cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells via collateral axons. The model accurately describes the qualitative dynamics of cluster formation and spike-train generation in the olivo-cerebellar system. A universal control system (UCS) based on the olivo-cerebellar system is described.

Abstract: Method and system for diagnosing and treating thalamocortical dysrhythmia. Thalamocortical dysrhythmia occurs when unbalanced neural activity occurs due to the rise of low frequency (approximately 4-8 Hz) and high frequency (approximately 20-50 Hz) neuronal oscillation activity simultaneously within awake individuals. The underlying mechanism that causes thalamocortical dysrhythmia is abnormal input into thalamic cells, which causes a low-frequency shift, increased amplitude, and increased frequency correlation of neuronal oscillation at the cortical and thalamic levels. The present invention measures the neuronal activity at the cortical level, filters these measurements, and performs a Fourier transform to transfer neuronal oscillation data into the frequency domain. The present invention then selects at least one reference baseline based on the characteristics of control subjects that do not have thalamocortical dysrhythmia and/or patients that have thalamocortical dysrhythmia.