Abstract: Tissue density is quantified using shear wave information in medical ultrasound scanning. Measurements of the tissue reaction to shear waves indicate tissue density. For example, shear wave velocity is linked with density using clinical study information. The shear wave velocity in a region, over the entire tissue, or at various locations is used to determine a corresponding density or densities. The tissue density information is used for categorization, estimation of disease risk, imaging, diagnosis, or other uses. The tissue may be breast tissue or other tissue.

Abstract: Information layering is provided in medical imaging. Two or more types of information are provided in one image. A three-dimensional surface is formed for two-dimensional scanning and/or imaging. The depth or third dimension is mapped to one type of data. Variation in values of this type of data causes variation in the surface away from flat. Data of another type is mapped to the surface, such that each location having a color or gray scale value based on the other type and a depth based on the one type. The surface is rendered using three-dimensional rendering to show the depth information even though both types of data represent a scanned plane. Stereoscopic viewing may allow the user to better visualize the depth information.

Abstract: Frame rate and/or line density are controlled in contrast agent medical diagnostic ultrasound imaging. The number of lines scanned per second (e.g., frame rate and/or line density) is set based on the differences in contrast agent response. Where the contrast agent response is changing rapidly, more frequent scanning and/or denser scanning is performed. Where the contrast agent response is not changing or changing slowly, less frequent scanning and/or less dense scanning is performed. By linking the number of scan lines per second of the scanning adaptively with the contrast agent response, the destruction of contrast agents may be reduced while providing information when needed for diagnosis.

Abstract: Path visualization for medical procedures is provided. Different paths are presented to the user. The paths may be ranked, such as determining a cost associated with using each path. The cost may be determined from different sources of data, such as from elasticity and flow ultrasound data. The user may view the options and make an informed choice for the path to use for biopsy or other procedure.

Abstract: A viscoelastic property of tissue is measured in vivo. To collect more information and/or estimate viscosity, shear modulus, and/or other shear characteristics, an amplitude and phase modulated waveform is transmitted to the tissue. The displacement caused by the waveform over time includes displacements associated with response to different frequencies. By examining the displacement in the frequency domain, one or more viscoelastic properties may be calculated for different frequencies. The frequency response may indicate the health of the tissue.

Abstract: A viscoelastic property of tissue is measured in vivo. To collect more information and/or estimate viscosity, shear modulus, and/or other shear characteristics, an amplitude and phase modulated waveform is transmitted to the tissue. The displacement caused by the waveform over time includes displacements associated with response to different frequencies. By examining the displacement in the frequency domain, one or more viscoelastic properties may be calculated for different frequencies. The frequency response may indicate the health of the tissue.

Abstract: Frame rate and/or line density are controlled in contrast agent medical diagnostic ultrasound imaging. The number of lines scanned per second (e.g., frame rate and/or line density) is set based on the differences in contrast agent response. Where the contrast agent response is changing rapidly, more frequent scanning and/or denser scanning is performed. Where the contrast agent response is not changing or changing slowly, less frequent scanning and/or less dense scanning is performed. By linking the number of scan lines per second of the scanning adaptively with the contrast agent response, the destruction of contrast agents may be reduced while providing information when needed for diagnosis.

Abstract: Path visualization for medical procedures is provided. Different paths are presented to the user. The paths may be ranked, such as determining a cost associated with using each path. The cost may be determined from different sources of data, such as from elasticity and flow ultrasound data. The user may view the options and make an informed choice for the path to use for biopsy or other procedure.

Abstract: Information layering is provided in medical imaging. Two or more types of information are provided in one image. A three-dimensional surface is formed for two-dimensional scanning and/or imaging. The depth or third dimension is mapped to one type of data. Variation in values of this type of data causes variation in the surface away from flat. Data of another type is mapped to the surface, such that each location having a color or gray scale value based on the other type and a depth based on the one type. The surface is rendered using three-dimensional rendering to show the depth information even though both types of data represent a scanned plane. Stereoscopic viewing may allow the user to better visualize the depth information.

Abstract: Tissue density is quantified using shear wave information in medical ultrasound scanning. Measurements of the tissue reaction to shear waves indicate tissue density. For example, shear wave velocity is linked with density using clinical study information. The shear wave velocity in a region, over the entire tissue, or at various locations is used to determine a corresponding density or densities. The tissue density information is used for categorization, estimation of disease risk, imaging, diagnosis, or other uses. The tissue may be breast tissue or other tissue.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for facilitating desired transducer manipulation for medical diagnostics and/or compensating for undesired transducer motion. In one embodiment, a transducer is provided with one or more motion sensing elements such as accelerometers, magnetic sensors, etc. During image collection, motion of the transducer is tracked and compared to a desired motion, which may include lack of motion. Feedback may be provided to the operator to facilitate desired manipulation of the transducer. Feedback may be visual feedback, audio feedback or some other form of feedback (for example, tactile feedback). If the operator's technique is deficient, the operator may be prompted to repeat the image collection steps. Various motion templates may be stored according to specific transducer models, examination types, involved anatomy, etc. Motion data may also be used to compensate for undesired motion.

Abstract: Multi-directional ultrasound scanning is synchronized. A plurality of wobbler arrays are used sequentially. To limit artifacts caused by motion, the sequential operation is synchronized. While a first wobbler array is scanning, a second wobbler array is moving or active. Once the first wobbler array completes a scan or portion of the scan, the second wobbler array begins the scan without waiting for initiation of the wobbling. The position of the second array may alternatively or additionally be synchronized with the first array or the end of the scan of the first array. The data from the different scans may represent overlapping volumes, so may be combined to form an extended field of view.

Abstract: A fetal skeleton is rendered with medical diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound scans of fetal skeleton may acquire data at a rate sufficient to avoid some fetal movement artifacts as compared to magnetic resonance or computed tomography. To better visualize the fetal skeleton, the ultrasound data is used to segment the fetal bone from tissue. By extracting this information, a skeleton in three dimensions is determined. Information representing internal bone locations may be used for fetal bone imaging. Without repeating the segmentation and without adjustments for volume thickness, the skeleton may be visualized from different orientations. A volumetric or surface rendering is performed, allowing addition of lighting queues not available with MIP or other projection rendering free of segmentation. The lighting queues may better indicate actual size and orientation of bones relative to each other on the rendered image.

Abstract: Information is compounded in medical diagnostic ultrasound. Volumes from multiple acoustic windows for the infant head are aligned and combined. The combination provides a dataset better representing the entire region of interest. Additionally or alternatively, weighted combination of ultrasound data sets is provided. The weights adapt as a function of proximity to the transducer (e.g., near field verses far field), noise level, or other data quality parameters. In the infant head example, the adaptive weights may provide a composite data set better representing the infant head. Adaptive weights for the compounding may be used in situations other than an infant head scan.