Abstract: A Czocharalski method for producing silicon rods wherein a single crystal silicon rod is pulled from a silicon melt contained in a coaxial crucible. In the method, the rod and crucible are rotated in opposite directions about their axes, the rotation rate of the rod being greater than the rotation rate of the crucible as the rod is grown. The rotation rate of the crucible is increased as the length of the rod increases. A magnetic field that is substantially rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the rod is imposed upon the silicon melt until a fraction of the silicon melt is solidified, the magnetic field having components which perpendicularly intersect the bottom and side walls of the crucible and a component which perpendicularly intersects the surface of the silicon melt.

Abstract: Oxygen concentration and distribution within silicon crystal rods drawn according to the Czochralski process from silicon melt contained in a silica crucible, are regulated through variation of both the magnitude and relative sense of direction of seed and crucible rotation rates with uniform distribution of the oxygen being accomplished by increasing crucible rotation rate to preselected values as a function of crystal rod growth and melt consumption.

Abstract: A small portable device quickly secured to and removed from a body of monocrystalline material to be sawed and useful for aligning the body with respect to a saw blade, permitting sawing with precisely predetermined crystallographic orientation. The device has a viewing screen, a light source, and first and second autocollimators. The first autocollimator directs a first collimated light beam toward a surface of the material. The resultant reverse reflection is directed back through the collimating lens and a beam splitter images the reflection on the screen, providing a pattern on the screen characteristic of a crystallographic plane of the material, the pattern position corresponding to the orientation of the device with respect to the crystallographic plane.