Abstract: Fluorescent dyes, ink compositions comprising the dyes, methods and devices for printing the ink compositions, images printed using the ink compositions and methods for authenticating the printed images are provided. The fluorescent dyes are heterorotaxanes that include large macrocyclic rings around fluorophores and are capable of emitting solid-state fluorescence. When the heterorotaxanes are combined with encapsulating agents and competitive binding agents in aqueous solution, the resulting ink composition exhibits a complex, dynamic equilibrium that provides a tunable fluorescence emission spectrum with a non-linear response to the dye concentration.

Abstract: Fluorescent dyes, ink compositions comprising the dyes, methods and devices for printing the ink compositions, images printed using the ink compositions and methods for authenticating the printed images are provided. The fluorescent dyes are heterorotaxanes that include large macrocyclic rings around fluorophores and are capable of emitting solid-state fluorescence. When the heterorotaxanes are combined with encapsulating agents and competitive binding agents in aqueous solution, the resulting ink composition exhibits a complex, dynamic equilibrium that provides a tunable fluorescence emission spectrum with a non-linear response to the dye concentration.

Abstract: An amphiphilic polymeric material which has a straight or branched chain polymer backbone and a multiplicity of side chains attached to the backbone, wherein the backbone is a copolymer of at least one ethylenically-unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monomer and maleic anhydride, or is a terpolymer of maleic anhydride, ethylene, and a further ethylenically unsaturated monomer. A method of synthesizing said polymeric material is also provided, together with chewing gum bases, compositions and emulsions comprising amphiphilic polymeric materials.

Abstract: Fluorescent dyes, ink compositions comprising the dyes, methods and devices for printing the ink compositions, images printed using the ink compositions and methods for authenticating the printed images are provided. The fluorescent dyes are heterorotaxanes that include large macrocyclic rings around fluorophores and are capable of emitting solid-state fluorescence. When the heterorotaxanes are combined with encapsulating agents and competitive binding agents in aqueous solution, the resulting ink composition exhibits a complex, dynamic equilibrium that provides a tunable fluorescence emission spectrum with a non-linear response to the dye concentration.

Abstract: An amphiphilic polymeric material which has a straight or branched chain polymer backbone and a multiplicity of side chains attached to the backbone, wherein the backbone is a copolymer of at least one ethylenically-unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monomer and maleic anhydride, or is a terpolymer of maleic anhydride, ethylene, and a further ethylenically unsaturated monomer. A method of synthesising said polymeric material is also provided, together with chewing gum bases, compositions and emulsions comprising amphiphilic polymeric materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel optically active benzylalkylcarbinols, to their preparation and to their use, in particular in perfumery.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for enantioselective preparation of a non-racemic compound, which is either usable as a fragrance or flavor component or is convertible to a fragrance or flavor component by one or more additional reaction steps. The process includes the step of contacting either a substrate capable of forming a non-racemic compound by an enantioselective reaction and a co-reactant in the presence of a non-racemic catalyst, or a non-racemic or enantiopure substrate and a co-reactant, optionally in the presence of a racemic or non-racemic catalyst. The contacting is carried out at a temperature and length of time that is sufficient to produce the non-racemic compound with high optical purity. The process is used in stereoselective preparation of enantiomerically enriched intermediates useful in the preparation of non-racemic, chiral flavor and fragrance components.

Abstract: The invention provides imidazole dioxolane derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## or an acid-addition salt or metal salt complex thereof, in which R represents an optionally substituted phenyl group; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group; R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group; and n is 1 or 2; processes for their preparation; compositions containing such compounds and their use as fungicides.

Abstract: The invention provides imidazole oxime derivatives of the general formula I: ##STR1## or an acid-addition salt or metal salt complex thereof, in which R represents an optionally substituted phenyl group; R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aralkyl group; and R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group; processes for their preparation; compositions containing such compounds and their use as fungicides.

Abstract: The invention provides imidazole derivatives of the general formula I: ##STR1## or a salt thereof, in which R represents an optionally substituted phenyl group, R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted alkynyl group and Y represents an oxygen or sulphur atom; processes for their preparation and their use as fungicides.

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions comprise at least one morpholine-type fungicide and at least one imidazole derivative of general formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt thereof; where R represents an optionally substituted phenyl group, R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or aralkyl group, and X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a group --NR.sup.3 --, where R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the interjacent nitrogen atom represent a 5- or 6- member saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or two further heteroatoms. The compositions are particularly useful in combating wheat leaf spot and powdery mildews.