Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions comprising 1-(&bgr;-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole compounds and either endogenous or exogenous neurotrophic factors. Methods of using such compounds and compositions are also provided. In one aspect, the invention provides methods of using invention compositions and compounds to enhance neurite outgrowth, neuronal survival and neuronal proliferation in mammalian cells. In a preferred embodiment, a 1-(&bgr;-D-ribofuranosyl)1H-1,2,4-triazole compound is infused directly to a desired situs. In a more preferred embodiment the 1-(&bgr;-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole compound is administered orally. In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating a neurological disease in a mammal subject. In a further aspect, the invention provides methods of treating neuronal trauma in a mammal subject.