Abstract: The present invention discloses a flash memory storage system, comprising at least one RAID controller; a plurality of flash memory cards electrically connected with the RAID controller; and a cache memory electrically connected with the RAID controller and shared by the RAID controller and the flash memory cards. The cache memory efficiently enhances the system performance. The storage system may comprise more RAID controllers to construct a nested RAID architecture.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a non-volatile memory storage system with two-stage controller, comprising: a plurality of flash memory devices; a plurality of first stage controllers coupled to the plurality of flash memory devices, respectively, wherein each of the first stage controllers performs data integrity management as well as writes and reads data to and from a corresponding flash memory device; and a storage adapter communicating with the plurality of first stage controllers through one or more internal interfaces.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory data storage system, comprising: a host interface for communicating with an external host; a main storage including a first plurality of flash memory devices, wherein each memory device includes a second plurality of memory blocks, and a third plurality of first stage controllers coupled to the first plurality of flash memory devices; and a second stage controller coupled to the host interface and the third plurality of first stage controller through an internal interface, the second stage controller being configured to perform RAID operation for data recovery according to at least one parity.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data storage system employing a plurality of electrical memory devices, preferably non-volatile memory cards or sub-modules, whereby user data or application software codes or OS software codes are protected by RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) architecture, and wear-leveling algorithms are uniquely arranged to extend the life cycles of such data storage system.