Abstract: A method of forming a structure for etch masking that includes forming first dielectric spacers on sidewalls of a plurality of mandrel structures and forming non-mandrel structures in space between adjacent first dielectric spacers. Second dielectric spacers are formed on sidewalls of an etch mask having a window that exposes a connecting portion of a centralized first dielectric spacer. The connecting portion of the centralized first dielectric spacer is removed. The mandrel structures and non-mandrel structures are removed selectively to the first dielectric spacers to provide an etch mask. The connecting portion removed from the centralized first dielectric spacer provides an opening connecting a first trench corresponding to the mandrel structures and a second trench corresponding to the non-mandrel structures.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically displaying to a flight crew member a list of electronic charts appropriate for a set flight plan or alternatively displaying the appropriate chart in response to information input into an FMS.

Abstract: A flight display for use in an avionics system has a visual display format to show an enhanced vertical situation of an aircraft. Included is a vertical terrain profile display that displays terrain in front of the aircraft over a selected range and a selected swathe width. The vertical terrain profile display shows a side-on terrain profile view with a digital display of the selected swathe width and a display of range in front of the aircraft. A plan view of the aircraft position is included that shows swathe lines on either side of an aircraft to show the selected swathe width. A means for selecting the swathe width by the pilot is provided. The flight display the vertical terrain profile display may be changed into a end-on vertical terrain profile view over the selected swathe width. The end-on terrain profile view has a digital display of the selected range and a digital display of the selected swathe width on each side of the aircraft.

Abstract: A rail vehicle positioning system having a plurality of inputs used to generate a position report including a GPS receiver, a wheel tachometer, O.S. circuits, transponders, and manual inputs from locomotive engineers.

Abstract: The presently-disclosed invention utilizes sensed pitched rate and sensed vertical acceleration to prevent aberrant pitch rate command outputs as a function of lead compensated sensed acceleration, controlling the vertical acceleration by sensing when a maximum is approached. When the lead compensated acceleration exceeds a first predetermined acceleration factor, the presently-sensed pitch rate replaces the pre-programmed maximum pitch rate factor as the temporary maximum rate, to temporarily prevent additional vertical acceleration due to increasing pitch rate. This apparatus requires no airspeed input and does not interfere with flight performance characteristics during normal flight operations, allowing higher torque servos to be used, and thus improves overall performance.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for limiting the authority of a position servo system over an aircraft control surface. The amplitude of the energizing signal delivered to the actuator portion of the servo system is limited in accordance with a non-constant function of time.